Explained《解释一切（2018）》第三季第五集完整中英文对照剧本.docx

在1856年narratorIn1856,一位名为尤妮斯富特的科学家ascientistnamedEuniceFoote进行了一个实验conductedanexperiment.她将一支试管中填满普通空气Shefilledonetubewithregularair另一支则装满二氧化碳andanotherwithcarbondioxide,里面都放置了温度计然后放到阳光下面putthermometersinthem,andplacedtheminthesun.她发现盛有二氧化碳的管子Andshenoticedthetubeofcarbondioxide会热很多并会保持热度更长时间gotalothotterandstayedhotlonger.她将结果发表出来Shepublishedherresults,标注道：“大气层中的这种气体notingthat"Anatmosphereofthatgas会让地球温度升高”wouldgivetoourearthahightemperature."三年后Threeyearslater,爱德温德雷克在宾夕法尼亚州西部发现r石油EdwinDrakestruckoilinWesternPennsylvania.在挖掘出第一口油井一百年后Ahundredyearsafterthatfirstwell,美国石油业庆祝了这个行业的一百周年theAmericanoilindustrycelebrateditscentennial.他们邀请了一位名叫爱德华泰勒的物理学家AndtheyinvitedthephysicistEdwardTeller,这位原♥子♥弹♥的发明者之一oneoftheinventorsoftheatomicbomb,为能源的未来发表了一番演讲tomakeaspeechaboutthefutureofenergy.他跟听众讲：“我们或许需要去寻找其他燃料供应"Weprobablyhavetolookforadditionalfuelsupplies/'hetoldthecrowd.因为燃烧化石燃料而产生的额外二氧化碳"Becausetheextracarbonemittedfromburningfossilfuels会导致温室效应”causesagreenhouseeffect."他觉得这种效应Whichhebelievedwouldbesufficient足以将冰盖熔化并把纽约淹没掉tomelttheicecapandsubmergeNewYork.到了1965年科学家已经足够自信地By1965,scientistswereconfidentenough正式警告美国总统toformallywarntheUSpresident,林登贝恩斯约翰逊1.yndonB.Johnson.10年之后埃克森公♥司♥的科学家们NnarratorAdecadelater,Exxon'sownscientists做出了令人担忧的预测weremakinggrimpredictions.在1988年就上了头版新闻By1988,itwasfront-pagenews.从那时开始Andsincethen,我们就一直以持续增长的速率we'vekeptpumpingcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere往大气层中排放二氧化碳atanacceleratingrate.如今的世界经济Wehaveaworldeconomytoday大部分的能量来源都靠着化石燃料thatdependsonfossilfuelsformostofitsenergy.三分之一来自于石油narratorAthirdofitfromoil.这件事相当讽刺这种帮助我们It,satremendousironythattheverysubstances成就当今发展的这种物质thathelpedusachievethislevelofdevelopmenttoday现在反而威胁到了人类文明的未来arenowtheverysubstancesthatendangerthefutureofcivilizationasweknowit.narratorGovernmentsarestartingtoagree各国政♥府♥开始认可这件事：我们不应该让世界变暖的程度超过1.5摄氏度thatweshouldn'tlettheworldwarmmorethan1.5degreescentigrade.从现在的趋势来看我们在2030年会越过这个值Andwe'reontracktoblowpastthatby2030.关上油枪怎么就这么难？Sowhyisitsohardtoturnoffthetap?我们能及时做到吗？Andcanwedoitintime?工业国家已经形成了对于石油的重度依赖man1Industrialnationshavedevelopedagreatdependencyonoil.我们的生活被赋予了新的自♥由♥man2Ithasaddedanewfreedomtoourlives.宝贵的石油库存贮藏在这些外国岛屿之中man3Theinvaluablestocksofoilintheseexoticislands.财富为阿♥拉♥伯半岛的传统生活打开了一道新的大门man4TheirwealthiscrackingtheoldlifeofArabiawideopen.尼日利亚政♥府♥对于石油的热爱甚至超过人♥民♥的生命TheNigeriangovernmentlovetheoilmorethanourlives.日益增长的二氧化碳围绕着我们man5Increasingamountsofcarbondioxidesurroundus.如果人们继续破坏环境Ifmancontinuestoabusehisenvironment,地球也会变得贫瘠起来Earth,too,maybecomebarren.剧名：石油石油的故事讲述了地缘政♥治♥冲突YerginThestoryofoilisastoryOfgeopoliticalclash,科技进步和激烈竞争oftechnologicaladvancement,andintensecompetition.石油的故事就是关于不平等manThestoryofoilisastoryOfinequality.和统治的故事It,sastoryofdominance.在我出生时尼日利亚正处在结束TheNigeriainwhichIwasborninwasjustacoupleofyears英国殖民统治的前几年beforetheendingoftheBritishcolonialrule.那时还处于农业经济的阶段HawkeAtthetime,itwasanagriculturaleconomy.北方出产棉花BasseyCottonfromthenorth,西方出产可可中西部出产橡胶cocoafromthewest,andrubberfromthemidwest.在尼莫成长的地方渔业比较兴旺HawkeAndintheareawhereNnimmogrewup,fishing.尼日尔河三角洲这个区域BasseyTheNigerDeltaisanarea是由各条河道相交叉的thatiscrisscrossedbywaterbodies,小溪、水流、河水、河口creeks,streams,rivers,estuaries,这里是几内亚湾大部分鱼类的繁殖地whichisthebreedinggroundformostfishintheGulfofGuinea.这里的鱼类资源丰富到渔民可以在涨潮时把网撒到水中HawkeItwassofertile,fishermencouldjustleavetheirtrapsathightide落潮时收网就好andpickthemupatlowtide.在晚间Andintheevenings.孩子们会坐在月光下BasseyChildrenwouldsitaroundinthemoonlight,听老人们分享故事andtheelderswouldsharestories.他们并不知道自己就坐在HawkeTheydidn'tknowtheyweresittingon地球上石油最储量丰富的区域之一oneofthemostoil-richregionsonEarth.直到英国准许了壳牌和简称为BP的英国石油公♥司♥UntiltheBritishgrantedShellandBP石油特许开采权anexclusivepermittoexploreforoil.他们在1965年挖掘到了黑金Theystruckblackgoldin1956.在发现石油这件事上BasseyNigerianswereextremelyhopeful尼日利亚人很期待thatthediscoveryofoilintheircommunities其在经济福利人们的健康水平wouldbringaboutpositivechangesintheeconomicwell-being,以及就业等情况所带来的变化inthehealthconditionsofthepeople,intermsofemploymentandeverything.没过几年之后尼日利亚便赢得了独♥立♥HawkeAndjustafewyearslater,Nigeriawonindependence.未来可期Thefuturelookedbright.最终化石燃料也对其他国家造成了改变Afterall,fossilfuelshadtransformedothercountries.世界上最富有的国家曾经可是穷苦很多Theworld'swealthiestnationshadoncebeenmuchpoorer.一个人所能提供的劳动Theamountofworkapersoncoulddo本来全靠双手wastheamounttheycoulddowiththeirhands,或许还有马匹或骡子协助possiblyhelpedbyahorseormule.煤矿的发现是首先改变这一现状的Coalwasthefirstdiscoverythatchangedallthat.在海洋与沼泽中的古代生物体HawkeAncientorganismsinoceansandswamps吸收了从太阳那里获得的能量hadsoakedupthepowerofthesun.它们的化石经过了数百万年的压缩变成了煤Theirfossilscompressedovermillionsofyearsintocoal.在煤矿一公里多之下