英美文学选读.docx

英美文选作者整理：一：Renaissance文艺复兴时期（14世纪-1660）Wyatt,intherenaissanceperiod,introducedthePetrarancesonnetintoEngland,Whilesurreybroughtinblankverse.在文艺复兴时期，怀亚特将1WilliamShakespeareWithhis38plays,54sonnetsand2longpoems,hehasestablishedhisgiantpositioninworldliterature.他的38部戏剧，54首十四行诗和2首长诗奠定了他在世界文学中的巨大地位。ThefirstperiodofShakespeare'sdramaticcareerwasoneofapprenticeship.莎士比亚戏剧生涯的第一阶段是学徒期。fivehistoryplays:HenryVLPartsLILandIIIzRichardIII,TitusAndronicus;五部历史剧：亨利六世一二三部，理查三世和泰特斯安德洛尼克斯fourcomedies:TheComedyofErrors,TheTwoGentlemenofVeronazTheTamingoftheShrewzandLove'sLabour'sLost,o四部喜剧:错误的喜剧、维罗纳的两位绅士、驯悍记和爱情的失败。thesecondperiod,ShakespearetSstyleandapproachbecamehighlyindividualized.在第二阶段,莎士比亚的风格和方法变得高度个性化。fivehistories:Richard11,KingJohn,HenryIVPartsIandIIzandHenryV;五部历史：理查二世、约翰国王、亨利四世一二部、亨利五世sixcomedies:AMidsummerNight,sDreamfTheMerchantofVenice,MuchAdoAboutNothing,AsYouLikeitzTwelfthNight,andTheMerryWiVeSofWindSOr;六部喜剧：仲夏夜之梦、威尼斯商人、无事生非、随你便、第十二夜、温莎的风流娘儿们twotragedies:RomeoandJulietandJuliusCaesar.还有两个悲剧:罗密欧、朱丽叶和朱利叶斯凯撒。thirdperiodincludeshisgreatesttragediesandhisso-calleddarkcomedies.莎士比亚的第三阶段包括他最伟大的悲剧和他所谓的黑暗喜剧ThetragediesofthisperiodareHamletzOthello,KingLear;Macbeth,AntonyandCleopatra,TroilusandCressida,andCoriolanus.这一时期的悲剧有哈姆雷特、奥赛罗、李尔王、麦克白、安东尼与克利奥帕特拉、特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达和科里奥兰纳斯ThetwocomediesareAll'sWellThatEndsWellandMeasureforMeasure.这两部喜剧是皆大欢喜和以牙还牙ThelastperiodofShakespeare'sworkincludeshisprincipalromantictragicomedies:Pericles,Cymbeline,TheWinter,sTaleandTheTempest;莎士比亚作品的最后阶段包括他主要的浪漫主义悲喜剧：伯里克利、辛白林、冬天的故事和暴风雨;andhistwofinalplays:HenryVIIIandTheTwoNobleKinsmen.以及他最后两部戏剧亨利八世和两个贵族亲戚。Shakespeare'sauthenticnon-dramaticpoetryconsistsoftwolongnarrativepoems:VenusandAdonisandTheRapeofLucrecezandhissequenceof54sonnets.莎士比亚真正的非戏剧诗歌包括两首长篇叙事诗:维纳斯与阿多尼斯和卢克蕾斯的强奸，以及他的54首十四行诗序列Sonnets:1-26areaddressedtoayoungman,belovedofthepoetzofsuperiorbeautyandrankbutofsomewhatquestionablemoralsandconstancy1-26是写给一位年轻男子的，这位诗人深爰着他，他有着出众的美貌和地位，但在道德和忠诚方面却有些可疑27-52formalesscoherentgroup.Theyinvolveamistressofthepoetzamysterious,DarkLady/127-52的十四行诗构成了一个不那么连贯的一组。他们涉及到诗人的情妇，一个神秘的黑暗女士ThefinaltwosonnetsaretranslationsoradaptationsofsomeversionofaGreekEpigram,andtheyevidentlyrefertothehotspringsatBath后两首十四行诗是某种版本的希腊谚语的翻译或改编,它们显然指的是巴斯的温泉Withthreeexceptions(99z26and54)ShakespearewriteshissonnetsinthepopularEnglishform,firstfullydevelopedbySurrey,ofthreequatrainsandacoupleto除了三个例外(99,26和54),莎士比亚的十四行诗是用流行的英语形式写成的，最初由萨里充分发展，由三个quatrains和一个COUPlet组成。Shakespeare'shistoryplaysaremainlywrittenundertheprinciplethatnationalunityunderamightyandjustsovereignisanecessity莎士比亚的历史剧主要是基于这样一个原则:在一个强大而公正的君主统治下，国家统一是必要的。ThefirstandsecondpartsofHenryVIareundoubtedlythemostwidelyreadamonghishistoryplays亨利六世的上下两部无疑是他的历史剧中被广泛阅读的一部Inhisromanticcomedies,Shakespearetakesanoptimisticattitudetowardloveandyouthfandtheromanticelementsarebroughtintofullplay在他的浪漫喜剧中，莎士比亚以乐观的态度对待爱情和青春，浪漫的元素被充分发挥出来ThemostimportantplayamongthecomediesisTheMerchantofVenice,inwhichShakespearehascreatedtension,ambiguity,aself-consciousandself-delightingartificethatisatonceintellectuallyexcitingandemotionallyengaging喜剧中最重要的一部是威尼斯商人,在这部戏剧中，莎士比亚创造了紧张、模糊、自我意识和自娱自乐的技巧，在智力上令人兴奋，在情感上引人入胜TheMerchantofVenice:ThetraditionalthemeoftheplayistopraisethefriendshipbetweenAntonioandBassanio,toidealizePortiaasaheroineofgreatbeautyzwitandIoyaltyzandtoexposetheinsatiablegreedandbrutalityoftheJew传统的戏剧主题是赞美安东尼奥和巴萨尼奥之间的友谊，将鲍西娅理想化为一个美丽、机智和忠诚的女主人公，揭露犹太人的贪欲和残暴ThesuccessfulromantictragedyisRomeoandJuliet,whicheulogizesthefaithfulnessofloveandthespiritofpursuinghappiness.Theplayzthoughatragedy,ispermeatedwithoptimisticspirit.成功的浪漫悲剧是罗密欧与朱丽叶，讴歌了爱情的忠贞和追求幸福的精神。这出戏虽然是悲剧，却洋溢着乐观的精神。悲剧特点：:Shakespeare'sgreatesttragediesare:Hamlet,OthellozKingLearzandMacbeth.Theyhavesomecharacteristicsincommon.莎士比亚最伟大的悲剧是:哈姆雷特、奥赛罗、李尔王和麦克白2 :Eachportrayssomenoblehero,whofacestheinjusticeofhumanlifeandiscaughtinadifficultsituationandwhosefateiscloselyconnectedwiththefateofthewholenation每一本书都刻画了一些高尚的英雄，他们面对生命的不公，陷入困境，他们的命运与整个民族的命运密切相关3 :Eachherohashisweaknessofnature:每个英雄都有自己的弱点：Hamlet:themelancholicscholar-prince,facesthedilemmabetweenactionandmind;哈姆雷特，忧郁的学者王子，面临着行动和思想的两难Othello:innerweaknessismadeuseofbytheoutsideevilforce;奥赛罗内心的弱点被外在的邪恶力量利用theoldkingLear:isunwillingtototallygiveuphispowermakeshimselfsufferfromtreacheryandinfidelity;老国王李尔王不愿完全放弃他的权力，使自己遭受背叛和不忠Macbeth:lustforpowerstirsuphisambitionandleadshimtoincessantcrimes.麦克白对权力的欲望激起了他的野心，并导致他不断犯罪Hamlet:：thefirstofthegreattragedies,isgenerallyregardedasShakespeare'smostpopularplayonthestage,forithasthequalitiesofa,blood-and-thunder"thrillerandaphilosophicalexplorationoflifeanddeath伟大的悲剧之一，通常被认为是莎士比亚最受欢迎的舞台戏剧，因为它具有"血淋淋"的惊悚和对生命和死亡的哲学探索的特质2 :basedonawidespreadlegendinnorthernEurope.takesthebareoutlinesofRevengeTragedy基于北欧的传说。以复仇悲剧的轮廓3 :thetimelessappealofthismightydramaliesinitscombinationofintri