ANSIESD S20.202021 中英文对照版.docx

ANSI/ESDS20.20:2021中英文对照版FOREWORD前言Thisstandardcoverstherequirementsnecessarytoestablish,implement,andmaintainanelectrostaticdischarge(ESD)controlprogramforactivitiesthatmanufacture,process,assemble,install,transport,package,label,service,test,inspect,orotherwisehandleelectricalorelectronicparts,assemblies,andequipmentsusceptibletodamagebyelectrostaticdischargesgreaterthanorequalto100voltshumanbodymodel(HBM)and200voltschargeddevicemodel(CDM).TheCDMvoltagelevelusedinthisdocumentisbasedonmanagingprocessessentialinsulatorstomitigatefield-inducedvoltagesondevicesthatcouldleadtodamage.本标准涵盖了建立、实施和维护静电放电(ESD)控制程序的必要要求，这些控制程序用于制造、加工、组装、安装、运输、包装、标签、服务、测试、检杳或以其他方式处理电气或电子部件、组件、以及易受大于或等于100伏特的人体模型(HBM)和200伏特的充电设备模型(CDM)搅坏的设备。本文档中使用的CDM电压级别是基于对工艺必要绝缘体的管理，以减轻可能导致损坏的设备上的场感应电压。Thisstandardalsodefinestherequirementsforisolatedconductors.Thereferencetomachinemodel(MM)isretainedinthisstandardforthehistoricalassociationtotheMMrobustnessofdevicestoisolatedCondUCtors.本标准还规定了孤立导体的要求。本标准保留了机器模型(MM)的软喷料，以说明设备对孤立导体的MM持续稳定性的历史关联。HBMandCDMfullycharacterizetheESDrobustnessofdevices.Therefore,MMtestingisnolongerrequiredtoqualifydevices,andtestdatamaynotbeavailable.HBM和CDM充分表征了器件的ESD稳定性。因此，Mv测试不再需要用设备验证，和测试数据可能不需要在使用。ThisdocumentcoverstheESDcontrolprogramrequirementsforestablishingaprogramtohandleESDsensitive(ESDS)itemsbasedonthehistoricalexperienceofbothmilitaryandcommercialorganizations.ReferencesincludeEOS/ESDAssociation,U.S.Military,andANSIapprovedstandardsformaterialpropertiesandtestmethods.ThefundamentalESDcontrolprinciplesthatformthebasisofthisdocumentare:本标准根据军队和商业机构的历史经验，涵盖了建立ESD敏感(ESDS)项目处理程序的ESD控制程序要求。参考资料包括EOS/ESD协会,美国军事，ANSI批准的材料性能和测试方法标准。构成本文件域础的ESD基本控制原则如下：A. Allconductorsintheenvironment,includingpersonnel,shallbebondedorelectricallyconnectedandattachedtoaknowngroundorcontrivedground(asonshipboardoraircraft).Thisattachmentcreatesanequipotentialbalancebetweenallitemsandpersonnel.Electrostaticprotectioncanbemaintainedatapotentialabovea"zero"voltagegroundpotentialifallitemsinthesystemareattheSamePotential所有在管控环境里的导体，包括人员，必须直接连接或链接到厂房设计接地系统或非传统接地系统(如在船上或太空船上)，使上述物件和人员处于等电位状态。只要系统里所有物件处于等电位状态，即便对地电位水平不是零伏特，该静电防护系统依然能达到应有效果。B. Processessentialinsulatorsintheenvironmentcannotlosetheirelectrostaticchargebyattachmenttoground.Ionizationsystemsprovideneutralizationofchargeontheseprocessessentialinsulators(circuitboardmaterialsandsomedevicepackagesareexamplesofnecessaryinsulators).AssessmentoftheESDhazardcreatedbyelectrostaticchargeontheprocessessentialinsulatorsintheworkplaceisrequiredtoensurethatappropriateactionsareimplemented,commensuratewiththerisktoESDSitems.系统里不可排除的非导体，即制程中必需用到的绝缘体(如线路板和芯片封装材料等)，不能通过接地起到静电防护作用，此时需兼离子静电消除器中和部分绝缘体的静电荷。因此，对区域内每个必用绝缘体进行风险评估是必须的，以便对ESDS物品IT针对性的选择合理的铮电防护措施。C. TransportationofESDSitemsnecessitatesenclosuresinprotectivematerials,althoughthetypeofmaterialdependsonthesituationanddestination.Whilethesematerialsarenotdiscussedinthedocument,itisimportanttorecognizethedifferencesinapplications.Formoreclarification,seeANSI/ESDS541.运送ESDS物品至EP(ESD防护区)外时必须使用静电防护包装材料，但该包装材料需依据应用情况和目的地而合理选择。在EPA内，抗静电和耗散性包装材料也许可提供足够的防护，但在EPA夕卜，建议使用抗静电和静电屏蔽包装材料。虽然本文没具体描述这些材料，但对它们在应用上的差异需有充分地识别。有关详细信息可参见ANSI/ESDS54kAnyrelativemotionandphysicalseparationofmaterialsorflowofsolids,liquids,orparticle-ladengasescangenerateanelectrostaticcharge.Commonsourcesofelectrostaticchargeincludepersonnel,itemsmadefromcommonpolymericmaterials,andprocessingequipment.ESDdamagecanoccurinseveralWaYS,including：任何固体，液体或含颗粒的气体间的摩擦或者分离都会产生静电。比较常见的ESD赦源于操作人员，一般的高分子材料和生产加工设备。ESD引起的破坏可由多种方式产生，包括：1) Achargedobject(includingaperson)comingintocontactwithanESDSitem.带电物体(如人体)接触ESDS物品。2) AchargedESDSitemmakingcontactwithgroundoranotherconductiveobjectatadifferentpotential.带电的ESDS物品与接地歌或处于不同电位的导体接触。3) AnESDSitemmakingcontactwithgroundoranotherconductiveobjectwhileexposedtoanelectrostaticfield.对暴露于静电电场的ESDS物品接地。ExamplesofESDSitemsinclude,butarenotlimitedto,microcircuits,discretesemiconductors,thickandthinfilmresistors,hybriddevices,printedcircuitboards,andpiezoelectriccrystals.ItispossibletodeterminedeviceanditemsusceptibilitybyexposingtheitemtosimulatedESDevents.Thelevelofsensitivity,determinedbytestingusingsimulatedESDevents,maynotnecessarilyrelatetothelevelofsensitivityinareal-lifesituation.However,thesensitivitylevelsareusedtoestablishabaselineofsusceptibilitydatatocomparedeviceswithequivalentpartnumbersfromdifferentmanufacturers.Twodifferentmodelsareusedforthecharacterizationofelectronicitems:HBMandCDM.微电路、分立的半导体器件、厚膜和薄膜电阻、混合型装置、印刷线路板及压电晶体等，都属于ESDS物品。这些物品的ESD敏感度可通过一些模拟的静电放电模型来确定。虽说模拟测试并不一定能完全代表实际应用情况，但这些模拟测试得来的数据可用于对同类产品性能的比较。用于定义电子元器件敏感度的两个放电模型是HBM和CDM,Formoreinformationontherequirementsinthisstandard,thereisatechnicalreport,ESDTR2O.2O-ESDAssociationTechnicalReport-HandbookfortheDevelopmentofanElectrostaticDischargeControlProgramfortheProtectionofElectronicParts,Assemblies,andEquipment.Compliancewiththisstandardcanbedemonstratedthroughthird-partycertification.Thecertificationprocessislikeanyqualitymanagementsystemcertifica