防雷基本知识.ppt
TT 162 D 19.04.00 05101520253035 11,1%9,3%8,7%4,3%3,6%Statistic of damage 19941994年各种灾害造成的损害统计年各种灾害造成的损害统计 3,4%2,2%23,6%TT 004 GB 17.08.99Surge voltage/indir.strike过电压过电压/间接雷击间接雷击Drop摔损摔损Burglary破门盗窃破门盗窃Negligence过失，失职过失，失职Short circuit短路短路Water水害水害Fire火灾火灾Theft out of cars偷窃机动车偷窃机动车Other其它其它Analysis of the Wrttenbergische Assurance Company保险公司的分析 33,3%Damaging energy 摧毁能量摧毁能量TT 06 GB 16.04.98电动机电动机/发电机发电机Filter coils滤波器线圈滤波器线圈电子管电子管Relays继电器继电器Capacitors电容器电容器Diodes二极管二极管Transistors晶体三极管晶体三极管计算机部件计算机部件ICs集成电路集成电路Energy能量能量(Ws)10.possible damage可能损坏可能损坏certain damage肯定损坏肯定损坏no damage无损坏无损坏-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 IEC 61000-4-1TT 001 GB 21.07.994.Definitions定义定义.Electromagnetic compatibility电磁兼容性电磁兼容性(EMC):The ability of an equipment or system to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic enviroment withoutintroducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbance to anything in that enviroment.IEV 161-01-07 设备或系统在其所处的电磁环境中能正常工作，且不对环境其它有生命或无生命物质构成不能承受的电磁骚扰。Explanation of Terms术语的解释术语的解释:Overvoltages or surge voltages:Overvoltage is the permanent or temporary voltagebetween conducters or between conductor and groundin systems which can damaging(electrical)equipment过电压是在系统中的导线之间或在导线和地之间的常态的或暂态的电压，这种电压是能损坏(电子)仪器的。过电压或浪涌电压过电压或浪涌电压 Building建筑物2Building建筑物1iB2iBiB2UcUdiB1E1RiB2E2RCommon mode-/differential mode voltage共模共模/差模电压差模电压TT 124 GB 17.09.99 Explanation of Terms术语的解释术语的解释:暂态过电压（TOV)：高压系统接地故障出现的过电压。持续时间 ms-s数量级。permanent 常态过电压/过电流：工频（50HZ)或直流Surge瞬态过电压：斜三角波 持续时间 s、ns 数量级。Explanation of Terms术语的解释术语的解释:A device that is intended to limit transient vervoltages and divert surge currents.It contains at least one nonlinear component.一个装置，可以有目的限制瞬态过电压和转移浪涌电流。一个装置，可以有目的限制瞬态过电压和转移浪涌电流。她至少使用了一个非线性零件。她至少使用了一个非线性零件。Surge Protective Device 电涌保护器电涌保护器(SPD):Reason of disturbanceMethodes against interference Type of coupling Electromagnetic compatibility电磁兼容性电磁兼容性 EMCTT 002 GB 17.08.99EMC SEMP ESD LEMP NEMPperiodic interfering frequencynet reactioncorona dischargegalvanicinductivcapazitivinfluences causedby electromagn.-waves-radiationlightning current arrestersurge voltage arresterfilterpotential equalizationearthingshielding干扰原因干扰原因耦合机制耦合机制开关电磁脉冲开关电磁脉冲静电放电静电放电雷电电磁脉冲雷电电磁脉冲电流，电感，电流，电感，电容，电容，电波影响电波影响放射影响放射影响抗干扰措施抗干扰措施雷电电流放电器雷电电流放电器过压放电器过压放电器滤波器滤波器均压等电位均压等电位接地，屏蔽接地，屏蔽 Reasons for transient surge voltage瞬态浪涌电压产生的原因瞬态浪涌电压产生的原因TT 007 GB 02.07.98lightning electromagnetic pulse(LEMP)switching electromagnetic pulse(SEMP)electrostatic discharge(ESD)nuclear electromagnetic pulse(NEMP)瞬态浪涌电压产生的原因瞬态浪涌电压产生的原因雷电电磁脉冲(LEMP)开关电磁脉冲(SEMP)静电放电(ESD)核电磁脉冲(NEMP)TT GB Lightning(downwards)Lightning(upwards)Lightning(between clouds)Direct lightning strike into driving car 二次闪电二次闪电三次闪电三次闪电一次闪电一次闪电闪电电流闪电电流闪电电流闪电电流kAkA0-10-20-30-408060402000 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400 200 400 600 8001000 1200 1400ststLightning current oscillograms of negative and positive cloud-ground lightnings正负极性云对地闪电电流波形图正负极性云对地闪电电流波形图 50%10%5%1%3080100200kA2090100100kA/m ms1080100400As1051065.106107A2sfrequency概率概率peak value of the lightning current雷击电流峰值雷击电流峰值maximum lightningcurrent-steepnessof rise雷击电流最大雷击电流最大上升陡度上升陡度charge of aLightning雷击电荷量雷击电荷量lightning currentsquare impulse雷击电流平方脉冲雷击电流平方脉冲Frequency and current data of lightnings闪电的频率和电流的数据闪电的频率和电流的数据TT 008 GB 17.08.99 L N PE24Vzur PASSEMP caused by switching action开关过程导致的开关电磁脉冲开关过程导致的开关电磁脉冲I I I Uot=0ULUmaxUoBURST 短脉冲群TtUURLCSmax;0TL CS 2 switching action开关动作开关动作TT 450 D 26.05.98 CsRL CpCpCpCpCpElectrostatic discharge静电放电静电放电TT 011 GB 17.02.99Carpet地毯地毯(Insulator）绝缘体绝缘体Ground地地Discharge current放电电流放电电流 Reason of disturbanceMethodes against interference Type of coupling Electromagnetic compatibility电磁兼容性电磁兼容性 EMCTT 002 GB 17.08.99EMC SEMP ESD LEMP NEMPperiodic interfering frequencynet reactioncorona dischargegalvanicinductivcapazitivinfluences causedby electromagn.-waves-radiationlightning current arrestersurge voltage arresterfilterpotential equalizationearthingshielding干扰原因干扰原因耦合机制耦合机制开关电磁脉冲开关电磁脉冲静电放电静电放电雷电电磁脉冲雷电电磁脉冲电流，电感，电流，电感，电容，电容，电波影响电波影响放射影响放射影响抗干扰措施抗干扰措施雷电电流放电器雷电电流放电器过压放电器过压放电器滤波器滤波器均压等电位均压等电位接地，屏蔽接地，屏蔽 types of coupling偶合类型偶合类型TT 1180 GB09.05.00RCKu2(t)uR(t)uL(t)i(t)i(t)i(t)Leru(t)Galvanic电流电流Inductive电感电感Capacitive电容电容 RE1RE2Galvanic coupling电流偶合电流偶合iBiB1UE=RE1 x iB1iB2iB2iB2iB2improvement!改良改良potential equalization均压等电位均压等电位&surge voltage protection 电涌保护电涌保护iB2 50%/50%lightning current distribution 雷击电流分配雷击电流分配between the services to the structure(IEC 61312.)在公用接地装置与建筑物间在公用接地装置与建筑物间services enteringthe structure50%50%3 kVStep voltage跨步电压跨步电压TT 563 GB 17.02.99 PASF1SELightning Protection/Surge Protection 电感耦合电感耦合iimpRE1RE2 电容耦合电容耦合iimpRE1RE2E TT 566 GB 21.01.99surge voltage superimpose line voltage叠加在线电压上的浪涌电压叠加在线电压上的浪涌电压UVtms15001000500050010001500 TT GB 1009050100 i%t1t2tstestpulse,waveshapes and国际标准规国际标准规international standards定的测试脉冲波定的测试脉冲波 TT GB 1009050100 i%t1t2tstestpulse,waveshapes and international standartsSEMP 1,2/50 s and 8/20 s IEC 61000-4-4IEC 61000-4-5ESD 1,2/50 s IEC 61000-4
