软件工程实践者的研究方法chapter21cn项目进度安排.ppt
These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,7/e(McGraw-Hill,2009).Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.1第二十一章n项目进度安排项目进度安排Slide Set to accompanySoftware Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,7/e by Roger S.PressmanSlides copyright 1996,2001,2005,2009 by Roger S.PressmanFor non-profit educational use onlyMay be reproduced ONLY for student use at the university level when used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,7/e.Any other reproduction or use is prohibited without the express written permission of the author.All copyright information MUST appear if these slides are posted on a website for student use.为什么项目会延期?n不切实际的项目结束期限n客户需求发生变更，这种变更没有在项目变更进度表上预先安排n对完成该工作所需的工作量和/或资源数量估计不足n在项目开始的时候，没有考虑可预测的/或不可预测的风险n出现了事先无法预计的技术难题n出现了实现无法估计的人力问题n出现了项目团队成员之间的交流不畅而导致的延期n项目管理者未能发现项目拖后，也未能采取措施来解决这一问题。These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,20052调度策略n定义定义明确的任务并分解任务n相互依赖性明确任务之间的关系 n工作量确认确认资源存在n确定职责每个任务都应该指定特定的团队成员n定义结果每个任务都必须有结果 n定义里程碑质量评审 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,20053工作量和交付时间的关系These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,20054Effort CostImpossible regiontdEdTmin=0.75TdtoEoEa=m(td4/ta4)development timeEa=effort in person-months td=nominal delivery time for schedule to=optimal development time(in terms of cost)ta=actual delivery time desired 工作量分配n“前端”活动n客户沟通n分析n设计n复审和修改n构造活动n代码和代码生成n测试和安装n单元，集成n白盒,黑盒n回归 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,20055定义任务集n定义项目类型n评估需要流程的严格程度n识别适应性策略n选择合适的软件工程任务These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,20056任务集精化These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,200571.1Concept scoping determines the overall scope of the project.Task definition:Task 1.1 Concept Scoping 1.1.1Identify need,benefits and potential customers;1.1.2Define desired output/control and input events that drive the application;Begin Task 1.1.21.1.2.1FTR:Review written description of need FTR indicates that a formal technical review(Chapter 26)is to be conducted.1.1.2.2Derive a list of customer visible outputs/inputs1.1.2.3FTR:Review outputs/inputs with customer and revise as required;endtask Task 1.1.21.1.3Define the functionality/behavior for each major function;Begin Task 1.1.31.1.3.1FTR:Review output and input data objects derived in task 1.1.2;1.1.3.2Derive a model of functions/behaviors;1.1.3.3FTR:Review functions/behaviors with customer and revise as required;endtask Task 1.1.31.1.4Isolate those elements of the technology to be implemented in software;1.1.5Research availability of existing software;1.1.6Define technical feasibility;1.1.7Make quick estimate of size;1.1.8Create a Scope Definition;endTask definition:Task 1.1is refined to定义任务网络These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,20058时序图These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,20059TasksWeek 1Week 2Week 3Week 4Week nTask 1Task 2Task 3Task 4Task 5Task 6Task 7Task 8Task 9Task 10Task 11Task 12使用自动化工具生成一个时序图These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,200510进度跟踪n定期举行项目状态会议，由项目组的成员分别报告进度和存在问题 n评估所有在软件工程过程中所进行的评审的结果 n判断正式的项目里程碑是否在预定日期内完成 n比较项目表中列出的各项任务的实际开始日期与计划开始日期 n与开发者进行非正式会谈，获取他们对项目进展以及可能出现的问题的客观评价 n通过分析获得值来定量地评估项目进展 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,200511OO 项目进展-In技术里程碑:OO 分析结束 已经定义和评审了所有的类和类层次 已经定义和评审了.n技术里程碑:OO 设计结束 已经确定和评审了子系统的集合 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,200512OO 项目进展-IIn技术里程碑:OO 编程结束 按照设计模
