考研英语讲座.ppt
考研英语培训考研英语培训 完形填空完形填空 Overviewo 完形填空命题分析完形填空命题分析o 真题讲解真题讲解o 模拟练习模拟练习 完形填空命题分析完形填空命题分析o 命题形式和思路o 解题程序o 主要测试点o 常见上下文（句）逻辑词 完形填空命题分析完形填空命题分析o 1. 完形填空命题形式完形填空命题形式 完形填空的基本命题形式是给考生一篇语句连贯的短完形填空的基本命题形式是给考生一篇语句连贯的短文（新大纲规定在文（新大纲规定在240-280词左右），出题人有目的地词左右），出题人有目的地在每隔一定数量的词语后面去除一些词语，形成总共在每隔一定数量的词语后面去除一些词语，形成总共20出出词语空缺，然后在相应的空缺处设置包括三个干扰项在内词语空缺，然后在相应的空缺处设置包括三个干扰项在内的四个备选答案，需要考生从四个选项中选出一个的四个备选答案，需要考生从四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。本部分共最佳答案。本部分共10分，分，20题，每题分值为题，每题分值为0.5分。分。 完形填空命题分析完形填空命题分析o 2. 完形填空命题思路完形填空命题思路 对整体环境进行把握和理解对整体环境进行把握和理解解决具体问题解决具体问题 对已知信息进行把握和理解对已知信息进行把握和理解破解未知信息破解未知信息 理解：出题人将理解：出题人将20处未知信息设置在一个庞大的已知处未知信息设置在一个庞大的已知信息体系之中，是因为信息体系之中，是因为20处填空绝对不是单独存在的处填空绝对不是单独存在的20个孤立的句子，它们都是一篇文章的一部分，是属于一个个孤立的句子，它们都是一篇文章的一部分，是属于一个整体的。因此，破解者整体的。因此，破解者20处填空首先必须对整片文章进处填空首先必须对整片文章进行把握，从把握整体的高度去行把握，从把握整体的高度去“俯视俯视”整体中的整体中的20处具体处具体填填空。空。 完形填空命题分析完形填空命题分析o 解题程序解题程序n用用2-3 分钟的时间对整篇文章做整体通读（分钟的时间对整篇文章做整体通读（preview）。）。 整整体通读的目标：掌握整篇文章的主线，即文章的主题体通读的目标：掌握整篇文章的主线，即文章的主题+ 文章的文章的导向或者作者的态度倾向，导向或者作者的态度倾向， 建立起对文章的整体把握。建立起对文章的整体把握。n按段精度，按段理解，按段分析，按段做题。段落本身就是相对按段精度，按段理解，按段分析，按段做题。段落本身就是相对独立的意群，可以以段落为单位来解题；在以段落为单位解题时独立的意群，可以以段落为单位来解题；在以段落为单位解题时仍要注意首先要从整体上把握段落的布局和结构，仍要注意首先要从整体上把握段落的布局和结构， 把握段落的把握段落的核心主线核心主线o 相关已知信息点（提示线索）的分布规律相关已知信息点（提示线索）的分布规律 句子内部句子内部 上下文中上下文中 整个意群，段落和文章的结构中整个意群，段落和文章的结构中n做完做完20个填空题，再进行整篇通读（个填空题，再进行整篇通读（review）, 判断恢复后的判断恢复后的文章的连贯性和一致性。文章的连贯性和一致性。 完形填空命题分析完形填空命题分析o 主要测试点主要测试点n阅读理解能力阅读理解能力 对文章整体（中心和结构）的把握和理解对文章整体（中心和结构）的把握和理解 对上下文或句子之间关系的把握和理解对上下文或句子之间关系的把握和理解 对句子内部结及意义的把握和理解对句子内部结及意义的把握和理解 要求：考生对文章进行要求：考生对文章进行“精读精读”，即对文章从整体到每，即对文章从整体到每个句子的内部细节都要完全把握。个句子的内部细节都要完全把握。n 英语知识运用能力英语知识运用能力 语法（语法（20%-30%） 固定习语（固定习语（10%左右）左右） 词汇的辨析和使用（词汇的辨析和使用（60%-70%） 完形填空命题分析完形填空命题分析o 常见上下文（句）逻辑词常见上下文（句）逻辑词n 并列关系并列关系 and, or, neithernor, eitheror, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, the sameasn 递进关系递进关系 also, then, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is moren 举例关系举例关系 such as, for example, for instance, to take as an example, more specifically 完形填空命题分析完形填空命题分析o 常见上下文（句）逻辑词常见上下文（句）逻辑词n因果关系因果关系 because, for, since, thus, hence, therefore, so, sothat, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, in response to, with, for this reasonn转折关系转折关系 but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead ofn让步关系让步关系 although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite ofn总结关系总结关系 in all, in brief, in short, in a word, in conclusion, to sum up, to summarize, to conclude 真题讲解真题讲解2011 Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But 1 some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does 2 short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, 3 heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to 4 , a good laugh is unlikely to have 5 benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does. 1. A. among B. except C. despite D. like2. A. reflect B. demand C. indicate D. produce3. A. stabilizing B. boosting C. impairing D. determining 4. A. transmit B. sustain C. evaluate D. Observe5. A. measurable B. manageable C. affordable D. renewable 真题讲解真题讲解2011 6, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the 7. studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter 8 muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down. 6. A. in turn B. in fact C. in addition C. in brief7. A. opposite B. impossible C. average D. expected8. A. hardens B. weakens C. tightens D. relaxes 真题讲解真题讲解2011 Such bodily reaction might conceivably help 9 the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of 10 feedback that improve an individuals emotional state. 11 one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted 12 physical reactions. It was argued at the end of 19th century that humans do not cry 13 they are sad but that they become sad when the tears begin to flow.9. A. aggravate B. generate C. moderate D. enhance10. A. physical B. mental C. subconscious D. internal11. A. except for B. mental C. Due to D. As for12. A. with B. on C. in D. at13. A. unless B. until C. if D. because 真题讲解真题讲解2011 Although sadness also 14 tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow 15 muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Wurzburg in Germany asked volunteers to 16 a pen either with their teeth thereby creating an artificial smile-or with their lips, which would produce a(n) 17 expression. 14. A. exhausts B. follows C. Precedes D. suppresses15. A. into B. from C. towards D. beyond16. A. fetch B. bite C. pick D. hold17. A. disappointed B. excited C. joyful D. indifferent 真题讲解真题讲解2011 Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles 18 more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted
