专题08 主旨大意题（阅读理解题型通关）（原卷版）.docx

错F专题08主旨大意题通关练1 .主旨大意题解题策略2 .名校优选专项通关练r解题策略】主旨大意趣是要求考生在阅读和理解全文的场础上对文以进行归纳、概括或评价。解答此类邈型时,不靠只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如关于又Ie和mainidea类JS都需要在阅读全文的基础上，结合文化背景知识、谙才知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断.从而发现文中隐含的信息.从分应形式看:常见的Jj标四类和上R大建类.标A1.类解策略特点,1 .II1:充分引发读者的阅读欲耍。2 .概括件:准确而又简短.3 .计对性，标题外延与文章内容刚好相符。方法：1 .中心句法:利用主题中心句中的主遨词作标应.2 .整介工：将文章的写作对象和其主要特点'意义或影响整合后作标牌文章大意类解题策略特点：不同体裁文章主四句的常见位也不同，共作用各不相同.位置：1 .必以（新付报道、说明文、议论文）。起到开宗明义，点明主趣，使读者一开始就明臼文念的内容及主旨。2 .包,（记叙文、议论文.起到照应开头、总结全文、升华主遨的作用”在最后对全文进行概括和总结,进一步明确文章的中心刖想,使作者的观点表达得更清楚.3 .各段主题句整合即文章大意，借助各个段落的主题句，然后对其进行概括和归纳，从而概括出文章的主题或中心思想”.4 .而一训:当文章或段落中没有明确的主跑句时.可以从段落中寻找反复出现的高颇词，即中心词，也能提炼出文章的主旨大急。5 .线室：记叙文类文堂都有一个主战，如，一个彳i趣的人或一件难忘的，"等。全文第烧该主规组织材料,分析文欧的结构，把握文章的主线，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系,即可归纳出文章的主旨大意。正确逸项帆Ei性强.攫盖全文或全段.2 .范围不大也不小.3 .精确性强，不改变语言的色彩和表达的程度。.过于笼统范围过大.2 .以偏概全.主次不分。3 .偷换概念，张冠李戴。4 .无中生有,主观腌断.【名校优选专项通关修】1.(2024浙江杭州学军中学校考模拟8|常)Te1.evisionhastransformedPoIiIiCSintheUnitedStatesbychangingthewayinwhichinformationisspread,bya1.teringpo1.itica1.campaigns,andbychangingcitizen'spatternsofresponsetopo1.itics.Bygivingcitizensindependentaccesstothecandidates,te1.evisionreducedthero1.eofthepo1.itica1.partyinthese1.ectionofthemajorpartycandidates.Bycenteringpo1.iticsonIhepersonofthecandidate,te1.evisionacce1.eratedthecitizen'sfocusoncharacterratherthanissues.Tmunicationaswe1.1.Themessagesonwhichmostofusre1.yarebriefer(hantheyoncewere.Thestumpspeech,aPO1.iIiCa1.SPeeChgivenbytrave1.ingpo1.iticiansand1.astingIto2hours,whichwaspopu1.arintheninctccnthccn1.ury,hasgivenwaytothe3()-secondadvertisementandtheIOsecond,soundbite"inbroadcastnews.Increasing1.ytheaudienceforspeechesisnotthatstandinginfrontofthepo1.iticianbutrathertheviewingaudiencewh>wi1.1.hearandseeashortvideoofthespeechonthenews.IntheseS1.rnPIined1.bms.muchofwhatcomprised(he1.ruditio11<1.po1.itica1.speechofear1.ierageshasbeen1.ost.In15or30seconds,aSpeakercannotestab1.ishthehistorica1.contextthatshapedtheissueinquestion,cannotdetai1.theprobab1.ecausesoftheprob1.em,andcannotexamineahernaivepx)sa1.s(oargueIha1.oneispreferab1.etoohes.Inshortvideos,po1.iticiansassert(断11)butdono1.arue.Becausete1.evisionisanintimate(亲密的)medium,speakingIhmUghitrequiresachangedPOIitiCa1.sty1.ethatismoreconversationa1.,persona1.,andvisua1.1.hanthatoftheo1.d-sty1.es1.umpspeech.Re1.ianceonte1.evisionIneanSthatincreasing1.yourpo1.itica1.wor1.dcontainsmemorab1.epicturesaatber(hanmemorab1.ewords.Schoo1.s(eachustoana1.yzeWoMSandPrin1.However,inawor1.dinwhichpo1.iticsisincreasing1.yvisua1.,info11edcitizenshiprequiresaewseiofski1.1.s.Recognizingthepowerofte1.evision'spictures,po1.iticianscraftte1.evisua1.,stagedeventsdesignedtoattractmediacoverage.Muchofthepo1.itica1.activityweseeonte1.evisionnewshasbeencraftedhypo1.iticians,theirspeechwriters,andtheirpub1.icre1.ationsadvisersforte1.evisedconsumption.SoundbitesinnewsandanswersIoquestionsindeba1.esincreasing1.ysound1.ikeadvertisements.WhaI'sIheZS1.tit1.eforthepassage?A. te1.evision:anAgentofChangeinPo1.iticsB. Te1.evision:aP1.atformforPo1.itica1.DebateC. Te1.evision:an/XhemaiiveoStumpSpeechD. Te1.evision:aNewMediumforCommuniva1.ion2. (2。24浙江,兴海宁市高锻中学校考模拟B(II)Ju1.y2023wasIhCwor1.d'swarmestmonthonrecord,accordingto(heWor1.dMeteoro1.ogica1.Organization.UNSecretary-Genera1.11onioGUIe1.代Ssaidinaspeech(hat(hep1.anetisenteringanocraofg1.oba1.boi1.ing".Howtocoo1.thep1.anethas1.ongbeenatroub1.ingquestiontorscientists.Theyarcnowturningtosun-b1.ockingtechno1.ogy,whichreferstorccc(ingsun1.ightbackintospaceinordertokeepdownthetemperatureofthep1.anet'sc1.imate.AccordingtoEuronews,aEuropeante1.evisionnewsnetwork,oneideainvo1.vespumpingsun-b1.ockingpanic1.es(tf)inoIheUPPoratn>she.Thepanic1.eswi1.1.thenstayin(heairandredirectsunshinebackupwards.Itis1.ikeapp1.yingsunscreenontheoutsideofEarth.ResearchersatYaicUniversity.US.out1.inedap1.antouse125high-f1.yingp1.anestospreadthepartic1.esatIautUdeS(玮度)of60degreesnorthandsouth.Thepanic1.eswi1.1.thentrave1.towardthepo1.es,whichcou1.dpossib1.ycoo!thetemperaturethereby2,C.Anotherverypromisingtechniqueisca1.1.edfc,c1.oudbrightening”,accordingtoChnsSacca,aUSc1.imateexpert.Thismc1.hodinvo1.vessendingsesai1.Pdr1.iCkSin1.oc1.oudsabovethesea.makingthemwhiterandthustheyrecc1.moresun1.ightbackin1.ospace.InJunektheUSgovernmentannouncedinareportIha1.i(wasOf1.feringsupportforso1.arengineeringresearchasawaytos1.owtheriseofg1.oba1.temperatures.Accordingto(hereport,theUSgovernmentbe1.ievesthatthetechno1.ogy*'>thepossibi1.ityofcoo1.ingthep1.anetsignificant1.yinafewyears*.However,fo1.1.owingthereport,anopenIeKerbymore(han60scientistsca1.1.edforcau1.ionzndmoreresearchfirst.Kris1.enRasmussen,ac1.ima1.escientistatCo1.oradoSta1.eUniversi1.y.US.hasbeenstudyinghowdesesun-b1.ockingJneIh(X1$wi1.1.affectrainfa1.1.a(ems.Shesaidthatapartfromrainfa1.1.,ecosystemsandevenhumancommunitieswou1.da1.sobeaf1.eetcd.oWcneedtobeverycautiousonthis/Rasmussento1.dScientific