专题08 主旨大意题（阅读理解题型通关）（解析版）.docx

专题08主旨大意题通关练1 .主旨大意题解题策略2 .名校优选专项通关练r解题策略】主旨大您SS是要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上为文率进行归纳、概括或评价,解答此类超型时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如关于Iiue和mainidea类JS都需要在阅读全文的基础上，结合文化背景知识、谙才知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断.从而发现文中胞含的信息。从出形式看:常见的f标四类和上H大息类.标A1.类解策略特点，.ft;充分引发读者的阅读欲里，2 .概括件:准确而又简短.3 .针对性:标题外Jf与文章内容刚好相符。方法t1 .中心句法:利用主题中心句中的主遨词作标应.2 .一介法:将文章的写作对象和其主要特点'意义或影响整合后作标牌文章大意类解题策略特点：不同体拢文章主即句的常见位置不同，共作用各不相同.位M1 .必以（新付报道、说明文、议论文）。起到开宗明义，点明主趣，使读者一开始就明臼文章的内容及主旨。2 .丕揖记叙文、议论文.起到照应开头、总结全文'升华主题的作用”在最后对全文进行概括和总结,进一步明确文章的中心刖想,使作者的观点表达得更清楚.3 .各段主题句整合即文章大意，借助各个段落的主题句，然后对其进行概括和归纳，从而概括出文章的主题或中心思想”.4 .而一训:当文章或段落中没有明确的主跑句时.可以从段落中寻找反复出现的高颇词，即中心词，也能提炼出文章的主旨大急。5 .线室：记叙文类文堂都有一个主战，如，一个彳i趣的人或一件难忘的，"等。全文第烧该主规组织材料,分析文欧的结构，把握文章的主线，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系,即可归纳出文章的主旨大意。正确逸项帆Ei性强.攫盖全文或全段.2 .范围不大也不小.3 .精确性强，不改变语言的色彩和表达的程度。.过于笼统范围过大.2 .以偏概全.主次不分。3 .偷换概念，张冠李戴。4 .无中生有,主观腌断.【名校优选专项通关练】1.(2024浙江杭州学军中学校考模IMIioTe1.evisionhasIransfbrmedpo1.iciesintheUnitedStatesbychanging(hewayinwhichinfb11nationisspread,bya1.teringpo1.itica1.campaigns,andbychangingcitizen'spatternsof心PGn牌topo1.itics.Bygivingcitizensiukpendcntaccesstothecandidates,te1.evisionreducedthero1.eofthepo1.itica1.partyinthese1.ectionofthemajorpartycandidates.Bycenteringpo1.iticsonthepersonofthecandidate,te1.evisionacce1.eratedthecitizen*sfocusoncharacterratherthanissues.Te1.evisionhasa1.teredthef11nsofPoIiIiCHcommunicationaswe1.1.ThemessagesonwhichnosiofusN1.yarebriefer(hanIheyoncewere.Tbes1.umpspeech,aPO1.iIiCa1.SPeeChgivenby(rave1.ingpo1.iticiansand1.astingI(o2hours,whichwaspopu1.arin(heninetee11h-century.hasgivenwayco(he30socondadvertisementandtheIOsecond“soUndbite"inbroadcastnews.Increasing1.ytheaudienceforspeechesisnotthatstandinginfrontofthepo1.iticianbutrathertheviewingaiicnccwhowi1.1.hearandseeashortvideoofthespeechonthenews.Inthesesimp1.ifiedforms,muchofwhatcomprisedthetraditiona1.po1.itica1.speechofear1.ierageshasbeen1.ost.In15or30seconds,aspeakerCannO1.estab1.ishthehistorica1.context(hatshapedtheissueinquestion,cannotdetai1.theprobab1.ecausesoftheprob1.em,andcannotexamineahernaivepx)sa1.s(oargueIha1.oneispreferab1.etoohes.Inshortvideos,po1.iticiansassert(断11)butdono1.arue.Becausete1.evisionisanintimate(亲密的)medium,speakingIhmUghitrequiresachangedPOIitiCa1.sty1.ethatismoreconversationa1.,persona1.,andvisua1.1.hanthatoftheo1.d-sty1.es1.umpspeech.Re1.ianceonte1.evisionIneanSthatincreasing1.yourpo1.itica1.wor1.dcontainsmemorab1.epicturesaatber(hanmemorab1.ewords.Schoo1.s(eachustoana1.yzeWoMSandPrin1.However,inawor1.dinwhichpo1.iticsisincreasing1.yvisua1.,info11edcitizenshiprequiresaewseiofski1.1.s.Recognizingthepowerofte1.evision'spictures,po1.iticianscraftte1.evisua1.,stagedeventsdesignedtoattractmediacoverage.Muchofthepo1.itica1.activityweseeonte1.evisionnewshasbeencraftedhypo1.iticians,theirspeechwriters,andtheirpub1.icre1.ationsadvisersforte1.evisedconsumption.SoundbitesinnewsandanswersIoquestionsindeba1.esincreasing1.ysound1.ikeadvertisements.WhaI'sIheZS1.tit1.eforthepassage?A. te1.evision:anAgentofChangeinPo1.iticsB. Te1.evision:aP1.atformforPo1.itica1.DebateC. Te1.evision:an/XhemaiiveoStumpSpeechD. Te1.evision:aNewMediumforCommuniva1.ion【答案】A【解析】E斤大意ISC通读全文,井根据第段“Te1.evisionhasInmsfbrmcdPo1.i1.icsin1.hcUnitedStatesbychangingthewayinwhichinformationisspread,bya1.teringpo1.itica1.campaigns,andbychangingcitizen'spatternsofresponse(oPHiUes.(电视改变了倍息传播的方式,改变了政治运动,改变了公民对政治的反应模式.从而改变/美国的政治可知.文章主要说明了电视改变了政治的传播以及交流形式C如今的政治演说比过去更像广告CA选项,电视：政治变革的推动者,'以符合文章标题。故选A,2.(2024浙江兴海宁南育锻中学校考模拟Bff1.pJu1.y2023wasthewor1.d'swarmestmonthonrecord,accordingtotheWor1.dMeteoro1.ogica1.Organization.UNSecretary-Genera1.AntonioGutcrrcssaidinaspeechthatthep1.anetisenteringan"eraofg1.oba1.boi1.ing*.Howtocoo1.(hep1.anethas1.ongbeenatroub1.ingquestionforscientis1.s.Theyarenowturningtosun-b1.ockingtechno1.ogy.WhiChreferstoref1.ectingsun1.ightbackintospaceinordertokeepdown(heCcniperatun?ofthep1.anet'sc1.imate.AccordingtoEuronews,aEuropeante1.evisionnewsnetwork,oneideainvo1.vespumpingsun-b1.ockingpartic1.es(粒f)intotheupperatmosphere.,Ihepartic1.eswi1.1.thenstayintheairandredirectsunshinebackUPwaMS.I1.is1.ikeapp1.yingsunscreenontheoutsideofEarth.ResearcheisatYa1.cUniversity.US.out1.inedap1.antouse125high-f1.yingp1.anestospreadthepartic1.esatIauHMie$（萍度）of60degreesnorthandsouth.Thepartic1.eswi1.1.thentrave1.（ward（hepo1.es,whichcou1.dpossib1.yc1.thetemperaturethereby2,C.Anotherverypromisingtechniqueisca1.1.ed"c1.oudb11ghtcning,accordingtoChnsSacca.aUSc1.imateexpert.Ihismethodinvo1.vessendingseasa1.tpartic1.esintoc1.oudsabovethesea.makingthemwhiterandthustheyreec1.moresun1.ightbackin1.space.inJune.IheUSgovemmen（announcedinareportthatItwasoft*eringsupportforso1.arengineeringresearchawaytos1.owtheriseofg1.oba1.temperatures.Accordingto（herepo11.（heUSgovernmentbe1.ievesthatthetechno1.ogy"of1.rsIhepossibi1.ityofcoo1.ingIhep1.anetsignificant1.yinafewyears".However,fo1.1.owingIhcreport,anopen1.etterbymorethan60scientistsCd1.Cdfarca