专题02 阅读理解(说明文)解析版.zip.docx

专题02阅读理解说明文PaSSaM1.12024山东青岛,模】nancient1.atinproverbsays"Aqui1.anoncapitmuscas"eag1.esdon'thuntf1.icsmeaningthatimportantonesshou1.dn'tconcernthemse1.veswithsma1.1.,insignificantmatters.BUtthe1.ionsinEastAfricaShOU1.dconcernthemse1.veswiththeseeming1.yinsignifican1.ants,because1.heeantsarcchangingtheir1.iies1.y1.e.ThestorystartsWi1.htheacaciaIreeN金合欢树斤nanAfYiCanwi1.d1.ifeareaincentra1.KenyaSomeOf1.he洸acaciatreesprovidefoodu1.she1.terforspecificantspecies,whichinturndefendthetreeagainsthcrbivorcs(ft草动物).Thcantsarcactive1.yattackingandd11vingawayherbivoresthatattempttofeedonthetreesIcavcsI1.iisishigh1.yeffective;theantsnoton1.yphysica1.1.yharmtheherbivoresbuta1.sore1.easechemica1.sthatcandccrotherpotentia1.attackers.Buttheseantsarcintroub1.c.Anothcrspeciesca1.1.edthe"big-headed"antisdestroyingentiregroupsofIiVoPrOtCCIingan1.s.This.inturn,setsoffanentirechainofeventsthatendsupinf1.uencingwhenUndhw1.ionscanhum.Thisantinvasion(R)afTcctsonethingaftertheother.h1.eavesIhCacaciatreesdefense1.essagainstherbivoresespecia1.1.ye1.ephants.Thee1.ephantscomeinandcattheacaciasatfivetoseventimes(herateobservedinuninv1.cdarcas.Thc1.ions,whi1.ehuntingforfood,havenomore(roestouseforhiding.Thisre<iuocdtreecovermakes1.ions1.esssuccessfu1.a1.hun1.ingandpushesIhcmtofinddifferentare<stohumin.*Thcsetinyinvadersarepu1.1.ingonthe1.iesthatputanAfricanecosystemtogether,determiningwhoiseatenandvhere.°saidToddPa1.mer,aneco1.ogistfromF1.orida.The1.ions,whicharea1.readyendangered,aremanagingtocopeWi1.hthisbyno1.ongerfocusingtheirattentiononzcbras.Thczebras,ofcourse,canseethemmuchbetterontheapproachgiventhe1.ackofCoVCrJnSICad,theyarctargetingwaterbu11a!o.Butthisa1.soisn'ttheendofthestory.Whoknowswha1.the1.ions'changingstrategywi1.1.meanfortheecosystemdownthe1.ine?1. Whatdocstheunder1.inedword"dc(cr,*inparagraph2mean?A.Direct.B.Discourage.C.Identify.D.Seek.2. Whatro1.edothee1.ephantsp1.ayinthechainreaction?A.Cooperatingwith,big-hcadcd''ants.B.Damagingthehidingp1.acetor1.ions.C.Protectingtheacaciasfromherbivores.D.Startingoffthedisturbanceofthechain.3ThCauthormentions1.ions,zebrasandwaterbuffa1.otoshowthatA.anima1.sfa1.1.victimtobiggeronestheeco1.ogyisontheroadtorecoveryC.anima1.sareCOnda1.edinthe<xsys1.emD.speciesarefirm1.ypositionedinthefoodchain4.Wha1.istheIex1.main1.yabout?A.Wha1.eco1.ogistsfindaboutanima1.s.B.Whyfrican1.ionsaendangered.C.Howtinyantsaffect(heway1.ionshunt.D.Howthe1.awOfthcjung1.cworksinAfrica.【答案】I-B2.B【导谱】这是一篇说明文.文章主要介绍了小蚂蚁如何影响锌子的捕猎方式.I.词旬精冽翅。根据上文“Theantsareactive1.yattackinganddrivingawayherbivoresthatattempttofeedon（hetree,s1.eaves.Thisishigh1.yctTccivc;theantsneton1.yphysica1.1.yharm（heherbivoresf蚂奴正在积极攻击并赶走试图以树叶为食的食草动物,这是#布行效的：蚂蚊不仅在身体上伤*食堂动物厂可知，妈蚊时合欢树几保护作用”的此Jft测“buta1.sore1.easeChCmiCakthatcandeterotherpotentia1.attackers.“总为"妈蚁还择放出可以阻止其他潜在攻击者的化学物杨“，即deter意为“阻止”，与doura即同义.故选B.2. 细X理情虺.根据文章第四段“ThisaminViISiUn（入侵）affec1.sonethingaftertheo1.her.1.t1.eavestheacaciatreesdefense1.essagainstherbivoresespecia1.1.yc1.cphants."1.'hee1.ephantsconicinandcattheacaciasatfivetoseven1.imesthera1.eObSCrVedinuninvadedarcas.The1.ions,whi1.ehuntingfor1.'<1.havenomoretreesIouseforhiding.（妈蚊的入侵影响了件又件步。这使得金合欢树无法抵御食草动物，大;其是大象，大象吃命合炊的速度是未被入侵地区的5到7倍。狮子在寻找食物的时候,没有更多的树可以用来躲藏,r可知，在食物鞋中大奴6变坏狮f的藏身之处.故选B.3. 推理列斯虺.根据倒数第二I殳""Thcsctinyinvadersarcpu1.1.ingontheticsthatputanAfricanecosystemtogether,determiningWhUiseatenandwhere."saidTUddPa1.mer,aneco1.ogistfromFkMida.（来白佛罗甲_达州的生态学家托镌帕尔默（ToddPa1.mer）说:“这些做小的入侵者正花拉动非洲生态系统的纽带,决定谁被吃掉，在哪IE被吃掉。和最后一段“The1.ions,whicharea1.readyendangered,aremanagingtocopewiththisbyno1.ongerfocusingtheirien（iononzebras.Thezebras,ofcourse,canseethemmuchbeterontheapproachgiventheIackofcover.Instead,theyarctargetingwaterbuffa1.o.（已经濒临灭绝的就广正在设法解决这个问巡,不HJ把注意力集中在斑马身上.斑马,当然,可以更好地看到它们存近，闪为缺乏枪护.If1.fiC,它们的目标是水牛.）”可知,蚪蚁的入侵导致金合欢树大量被吃.使得在狩刑时失去施护,这导致以因1为主食的脚上转而猫杀水牛,由此推知,作者提到狮子、跳马和水牛足为了说明动物在生态系统中是相互关联的.故选C.4. 1.日大意JE通读全文，并根据文章第-K1.-Bu1.thc1.ionsinEas1.Africashoii1.dconccnnhcmsc1.vcswMhihcseeming1.yinsigniIkan1.an1.s.becausethesean1.sarcchangingtheirIifesIytes<但是氽非的狮子应该关注这些行起来微不足道的则蚁.因为这些蚂蚊正在改变它们的生活方式Jr可加，文章主要介绍了小蚂蚊如何影响狮子的捕齿方式。故送cPaSSage2.12024山东济宁一模】MywifeandIhavea1.wayshadanon-ncgotiab1.cwhen1.ookingforap1.ace(orent:agasstove.Wc1.ovecookingtogether,andcount1.essfoodshowshaveimpresseduponusthatthereisnothingmoreessentia1.toatastymea1.thanaf1.ame.Thencametheshiftofworkforcingus1.moveintoanewapartr11en1.wihaninductioncooker.Pastencounierswiththes1.owHndinconsistenthea1.inge1.ementsofear1.yC1.eCIriCstoveshadsouredus>(heideaofcookingWi1.he1.ectrici(y,bu1.ittookon1.yacoup1.eofdaysforustorea1.izethatournewinductioncookerwasfarsuperior:Waterboi1.edat1.ightningspeed;Icou1.dsetaIi1.nCandwa1.kawayknowingtheheatwou1.dautomatica1.1.yturnoff.OUrbe1.atedswitchtoinductioncameamidariseofhorrifyingstoriesaboutthehea1.thandc1.imaterisksofgasstoves.StudieshavefoundCoOkingwithgasis1.ikehavingsecondhandSmokCinthekitchen.Worsesti1.1.,t