Lord-of-the-Flies-蝇王.docx

1.ordoftheFlies1.ordoftheFliesisanovelbyNobelPrize-winningauthorWilliamGolding.ItisaboutagroupofBritishschlboysstuckonadesertedislandwhotrytogovernthemselves,withdisastrousresults.Itsstancesonthealreadycontroversialsubjectsofhumannatureandindividualwelfareversusthecommongoodearneditposition68ontheAmerican1.ibraryAssociation,slistofthe100mostfrequentlychallengedbooksof1990-1999.Publishedin1954,1.ordoftheFlieswasGolding'sfirstnovel,inresponsetoTheCoralIsland.BackgroundItisverysubtlyindicatedthatthebooktakesplaceinthemidstofanunspecifiednuclearwar,perhapsimplicitlyrelatingthesavageryofthechildrencharacterstothewarfareofadults.Someofthecharactersmaroonedareordinarystudents,whileothersarriveasamusicalchoirunderanestablishedleader.Mostwiththeexceptionofthechoirboys)appearnevertohaveencounteredeachotherbefore.Thebookportraystheirdescentintosavagery;lefttothemselvesinaparadisaicalcountry,farfrommoderncivilization,thewell-educatedchildrenregresstoaprimitivestate.Atanallegoricallevel,thecentralthemeistheconflictingimpulsestowardcivilizationlivebyrules,peacefullyandinharmonyandtowardsthewilltopower.Differentsubjectsincludethetensionbetweengroupthinkandindividuality,betweenrationalandemotionalreactions,andbetweenmoralityandimmorality.HowtheseVout,andhowdifferentpeoplefeeltheinfluencesofthese,formsamajorsubtextof1.ordoftheFlies.PlotsummaryInthemidstofawartimeevacuation,aBritishplanecrashesonanisolatedisland.Theonlysurvivorsareallmalechildrenbelowage13.Twoboys,thefair-hairedRalphandanoverweight,bespectacledboyreluctantlynicknamed"Piggy"findaconchwhichRalphusesasahorntobringallthesurvivorstoonearea.Twodominantboysemergeduringthemeeting:Ralph,andJackMerridew,aredheadwhoistheleaderofachoirgroupthatwa$amongthesurvivors.Ralphisvotedchief,losingonlythevotesofJack'sfellowchoirboys.Ralphassertstwogoals:havefun,andworktowardrescuebymaintainingaconstantfiresignal.TheycreatethefirewithPiggy'sglasses,and,foratime,theboysworktogether.Jackorganizeshischoirgroupintothegroup's"hunters",whoareresponsibleforhuntingformeat.RaIphrJack,andablack-hairedboynamedSimonsoonbecomethesupremetrioamongthechildren.Piggy,themostsensibleofthebunch,isquicklyoutcastbyhisfellow"biguns"theolderboys)andbecomesanunwillingsourceofmirthfortheotherchildren.Simon,inadditiontosupervisingtheprojectofconstructingshelters,feelsaninstinctiveneedtoprotecttheyoungerboys.TheoriginalsemblanceoforderimposedbyRalphquicklydeterioratesasthemajorityoftheboysturnidle.Atonepoint.Jacksummonsallofhishunterstohuntdownawildpig,includingthosewhoweresupposedtobemaintainingthefire.Ashipapproaches,butpassesbybecausethesignalfirehasgoneout.Althoughthehuntingofthepigturnsouttobethehunters'firstsuccessfulhunt,Ralphisinfuriatedthattheyhavemissedapotentialrescue.Aroundthesametime,manyoftheyoungpeoplebegintobelievethattheislandisinhabitedbyamonster,referredtoas"thebeast".Jackgainscontrolofthediscussionbyboldlypromisingtokillthebeast.1.ater,Ralphenvisagesrelinquishinghisposition,thoughPiggydiscourageshimfromdoingsowhilethetwoofthemandSimonyearnhopefullyforsomeguidancefromtheadultworld.AfterSamandEricreportpossiblyseeingthebeastatopamountain,RalphandJackinvestigate;theyencounterthecorpseandtheopenparachuteofafighterpilotwhohaslandedontheislandandmistakeitas"thebeast"asleep.Jackassemblesthechildrenwiththeconchandconfirmsthebeast'sexistencetothem.Themeetingresultsinaschism,splittingthechildrenintotwogroups.Ralph'sgroupfocusesonpreservingthesignalfire.Jackbecomesthechiefofhisowntribe,whichfocusesonhuntingwhileexploitingtheiron-cladbeliefinthebeast.AsJackandthehuntershavealreadyslaintheirfirstpig,theyofferpromisesofmeat,fun,andprotectionfromthebeast.Jack'stribegraduallybecomesmoreanimalistic,applyingfacepainttoliberatetheirinnersavageswhiletheyhunt.Thefacepaintbecomesamotifwhichrecursthroughoutthestory,withmoreandmoreintensitytowardtheend.Simon,apartofRalph'stribe,whohad"cracked"andwentofflookingforthebeastbyhimself,findstheheadofthehunters'deadpigonastick,leftasanofferingtothebeast.Simonenvisionsthepighead,swarmingwithscavengingflies,asthe"1.ordoftheFlies"andbelievesthatitistalkingtohim.Simonhearsthepigidentifyingitselfasthereal"Beast"anddisclosingthetruthaboutitselfthattheboysthemselves"created"thebeast,andthattherealbeastwasinsidethemall.Simonalsolocatesthedeadparachutistwhohadbeenmistakenforthebeast,andisthesolememberofthegrouptorecognizethatitisacadaverinsteadofasleepingmonster.SimonattemptstoalertJack'stribethatthe"beast"isnothingmorethanacadaver.WhiletryingtotellJack'stribeofthisfact,SimoniscaughtinaringduringaprimaldanceandJack'stribebeatshimtodeath,withRalph,Piggy,Sam,andEricintheringalso.Ralph,Piggy,Sam,andEriclatertrytoconvincethemselvesthattheydidnottakepartinthemurder.Jack'stribethenraidRalph'scamptostealPiggy'sglasses.Ralph'stribejourneystoJack'stribeatCastleRocktotrytogetbackPiggy'sglasses.Intheensuingconfrontation,RogerdropsarockonPiggykillinghimandtheconchisshattered.SamandEricarecapturedandtorturedintojoiningJack'stribe.Ralphisforcedtoflee.Thefollow