新能源汽车能量回收系统的研究.docx

本科毕业论文（设计）论文题目：新能源汽车能量回收系统的研究随着市场经济的不断发展，使得汽车的数量不断增加，以传统燃油为主要动力的车辆广泛普及，导致燃油等不可再生资源的巨大消耗。此外，汽车尾气中所含有的一氧化碳、二氧化硫等气体对人体健康及空气质量的影响也很大。随着能源短缺、环境污染等问题的日益严峻，采用清洁能源驱动的新能源汽车已越来越受到世界各国的关注，并成为了未来汽车工业发展的焦点。目前我国的新能源动力汽车技术的发展存在两大困扰。一方面，蓄电池的技术水平在短时间难以有较大突破，新能源电动汽拥有量少，车续航里程短，长期未有效解决导致其普及率低；另一方面，能源汽车充电桩建设不均衡，普及率极低，难以实现有效推广，我国仍长期处于以燃油汽车为主的汽车时代。国内外的研究人员正在积极地开展工作，以汽车节能为工作中心，开发出各种不同的能量回收方法，诸如液压储能装置、飞轮储能装置、启停系统、制动能量回收等。其中，制动能量回收是一种能够有效提升车辆行驶里程和能源利用率的关键技术。通过对制动能量产生机理的分析，实现对车辆制动力的合理分配，并以合适的电机为核心，实现对车辆的高效运行和能量回收。对于单一的锂电池充当新能源汽车蓄电池，已经不能满足人们对提高新能源汽车储能的需求，因此，采用复合储能成为了汽车储能新的发展方向。通过采用锂电池/超级电容作为汽车的蓄电池，一方面，可以弥补锂电池放电效率的问题，充分发挥超级电容快速放电的优势；另一方面，可以有效保障超级电容充放电压稳定，防止其电压变化过大。本文以研究制动能量回收为目的，选择永磁同步电机作为新能源汽车的核心，以汽车结构和制动力学分析作研究出发点，通过公式推导，得出理想制动力分配公式，引入制动强度的相关规定，构成完整的前后轴制动力分配图。在此基础上，设计制动能量回收策略，对制动影响因素，制动强度划分，制动速度分析，都有详细研究，使制定策略更加合理科学，为最后的仿真做好准备。本文的最后做策略建模和仿真分析,不仅对本论文控制策略建模,还要对ADVISOR自带控制策略建模，将两种模型放在同一种工况下进行仿真。通过比对仿真结果，证明了本文研究策略能量回收效果要优于ADVISOR自带控制策略能量回收效果。关键词：新能源汽车；制动能回收；永磁同步电机；电机机械特性论文类型：理论研究AbstractWiththedevelopmentofmarketeconomyinrecentyears,moreandmorepeoplecanaffordtobuycars,andthenumberofcarscontinuestorise.Traditionalfuelvehiclesarewidelyusedasvehicles,whichleadstothedepletionofnon-renewableresourcessuchaspetroleumfue1.Inaddition,alargenumberofautomobileexhaustemissionscontainhannfulsubstancessuehascarbonmonoxideandsulfurdioxide,whichseriouslyendangerhumanhealthandcauseseriouspollutionoftheatmosphericenvironment.Underthedualpressureofenergycrisisandenvironmentalpollution,newenergyvehiclespoweredbycleanenergyhavegraduallyattractedtheattentionofvariouscountriesandbecomethefocusofthedevelopmentoftheautomobiIeindustryinthefuture.Now,therearetwomajorproblemsinthedevelopmentofnewenergy-poweredvehicletechnologyinChina.Ontheonehand,thetechnicallevelofstoragebatteryisdifficulttomakeagreatbreakthroughinashorttime,andtheshort-termmileageofnewenergyelectricvehicleshasnotbeeneffectivelysolved;ontheotherhand,theconstructionofchargingpilesforenergyvehiclesisunevenandthepopularizationrateisextremelylow,soitisdifficulttoachieveeffectivepromotion.ChinaisstillintheautomobileeradominatedbyFuel-firedautomobileforalongtime.Inordertosolvetheaboveproblems,automobileresearchersallovertheworldaremakingactiveeffortstodevelopavarietyofenergyrecoverystrategies,includinginjectionhydraulicenergystorageregenerationdevice,flywheelenergystoragedevice,start-stopsystemandbrakeenergyrecoveryandsoon.Amongthem,brakingenergyrecovery,asoneoftheimportanttechnologiestosolvethisproblem,caneffectivelyimprovethemileageandimprovetheutiIizationofenergy.ItisnecessarytoanalyzetheprincipleOfbrakingenergy,distributethebrakingforcereasonably,selecttheappropriatemotorasthecorecomponentofthenewenergyvehide,andcarryouteffectiveworkoutputandenergyrecovery.Formulateascientificstrategyfortherecoveryofbrakingenergy,andrecovertheenergyreasonablyandeffectivelyaccordingtothesituation.Forasinglelithiumbatteryasanewenergyvehiclebattery,itcannolongermeettheneedsofpeopletoimprovetheenergystorageofnewenergyvehicle.Therefore,theuseofcompositeenergystoragehasbecomeanewdevelopmentdirectionofautomotivebattery.Byusinglithiumbattery/supercapacitorasautomobilestoragebattery,ontheonehand,itcanmakeUpfortheproblemOfdischargeefficiencyoflithiumbatteryandgivefullplaytotheadvantageoffastdischargeofsupercapacitor;ontheotherhand,itcanstabilizethecharginganddischargingvoltageofeffectivesupercapacitor.preventitsvoltagefromchangingtoomuch,soitcannottakeadvantageofitslargechargingcapacity.Throughthedesignofscientificcircuitstructure,thecompositeenergystoragecangivefullplaytoitsadvantagesofenergyrecoveryanddistribution.Forthepurposeofstudyingthebrakingenergyreturn,thispaperchoosesthepermanentmagnetsynchronousmotorasthecoreofthenewenergyvehicle,takesthevehiclestructureandbrakingdynamicsanalysisasthestartingpoint,andobtainstheidealbrakingforcedistributionformulathroughthederivationoftheformula,therelevantregulationsofbrakingforcestrengthareintroducedtoformacompletebrakingforcedistributiondiagramofthefrontandrearaxles.Onthisbasis,thebrakingenergyrecoverystrategyisdesigned,andthebrakinginuencingfactors,brakingintensitydivisionandbrakingspeedanalysisarestudiedindetailtomakethestrategymorereasonableandscientificandprepareforthefinalsimulation.Attheendofthispaper,wedostrategymodelingandsimulationanalysis,notonlytomodelthecontrolstrategyofthispaper,butalsotomodelthecontrolstrategyofADVISOR,andsimulatethetwomodelsunderthesameworkingcondition.BycomparingthesimulationresuIts,itisprovedthattheenergyrecoveryeffectoftheresearchstrategyinthispaperisbetterthanthatoftheADVISORcontrolstrategy.Keywords:brakingenergyrecoveryofnewenergy;vehiclesmechanicalcharacteristicsofpermanent;magnetsynchronousmotor摘要IAbstractII目录IV1绪论11.1 新能源汽车国内发展现况11.2 新能源汽车国外发展现况11.3 制动能量回收策略研究现状21.4 车载复合储能系统国内外研究现状21.5 本文研究内容42新能源汽车能量回收系统的结构及原理52.1 制动能量回收系统原理62.2 整车制动系统结构62.3 新能源汽车制动能量回收的动力学分析72.4 电机工作原理122.5 电机工作状态132.6 能量回收电路142.7 制动能量回收考虑要素153制动能量回收策略173.1 制动强度的划分173.2 制动速