How To Grow A Planet 2of3《种出个地球（2）》完整中英文对照剧本.docx

我一生大部分时间I'vespentmostofmylife都用于探究塑造地球的力量tryingtounderstandtheforcesthatshapedourplanet,身为地质学家andasageologist,italwaysseemedtome按说研究岩石才是我的本份thatrockswererightattheheartofthings.伊安斯图瓦特教授但此刻我意识到Butnow,mdiscovering并非只有火山或板块撞击it,snotonlyvolcanoesandcollidingcontinents才造就了沧海桑田thathavedriventheEarth'sgreatestchanges,因为在地球史的重要时刻becauseatcrucialmomentsinitshistory,还有另一种力量也在创造我们的家园anotherforcehashelpedcreatetheplanetweliveon.这便是植物.plants.这是地球史上崭新篇章It,sawholenewstoryabouttheEarth,它将向我们揭示地球诞生之初revealinghow,fromitsearliesthistory,植物如何雕琢我们的世界plantshaveshapedourworld.节目至此我们已经见识到植物及其先祖Sofar,we'veseenhowplantsandtheirancestorsbegan如何改造出生命赖以存活的大气byproducingourlife-givingatmosphere.我吸入的氧气mbreathingoxygenthat产生于25亿年之前wasmadetwo-and-a-halfbillionyearsago.绿色植物吸收日光They'dharnessedlightfromthesun,为地球带来能量bringingenergytotheworld.它们滋养出肥沃的土壤Andthey'dformedthefertilesoil,使得生命得以统治陆地allowinglifetocolonisetheland.下面的节目将引领我们进人更深的领域Butthenextchapterwilltakeusevenfurther,因为一个植物王国的超级新贵即将登场becauseapowerfulnewcomertotheplantworldwasonitsway.它将征服地球的每一个角落Itwouldconquereverycorneroftheplanet.刻画出地球的每一寸肌肤ItwouldshapetheverysurfaceoftheEarth并且推动动物的进化anditwoulddrivetheevolutionofanimallife,包括我们人类的祖先includingourownancestors.下面就是它的故事Thisisitsstory.植物之歌♥第二集花的力量这些建筑已有近千年的历史Thesebuildingsarenearly1,000yearsold.是世界上最庞大的宗教场所Thelargestreligioussiteintheworld,占地达200平方公里covering200squarekilometres.这便是柬埔寨的吴哥箱庙宇ThisisthetempleofAngkorWatinCambodia.我此行旨在见证Iamheretowitnesstheimportance一个人间最神圣的宗教符号♥的意义ofoneofthemostpowerfulsymbolsknowntohumankind.那个早期佛教仪式的核心符号♥AsymbolcentraltoanancientBuddhistceremony.花Flowers.大家看那里Youseelotusflowersand布置的莲花和茉莉开得多公美jasminejustarrangedbeautifullyupthere.较大的莲花Thelotusarethebigones成串的小花则是茉莉andthejasminethetrailoflittleflowers.看到莲花瓣是如何层叠折在一起了吧Seehowthelotuspetalsareallfoldedinamongstthemselves,不同的层代表相应的第几重天thedifferentlayersrepresentingthevariouslevelsofheaven.对于这些僧人花扮演着重要角色Forthesemonks,flowershaveacrucialrole.这只是某一宗教的仪式之一Andthisisjustoneceremonyfromonereligion.全世界不同文化中花都相当重要Flowersarecentraltoculturesthroughouttheworld.花深深融入了每个人的生活They'redeeplywovenintoallourlives.然而花不仅只为人类痴迷Butit,snotonlyahumanobsession.因为自从其诞生Becausesincetheyevolved,开花植物就成为flowershavebeenthe地球所有生命的原动力drivingforceforthewholeoflifeonEarth.事实上开花植物They'vebecomeenmeshedinthelives与整个动物王国的各个物种都有着千丝万缕的联♥系♥ofvirtuallytheentireanimalkingdominallitsrichdiversity.从最小的昆虫到某些大型哺乳动物Fromthesmallestinsecttosomeofthelargestmammals,都曾被开花植物改造they'veallbeenshapedbyflowers.这又是如何发生的呢Buthowdidthishappen?原因又是什么Andwhy?开花植物的出现Theemergenceofflowers是地球发展史上一个重要转折点isoneofthebiggestturningpointsinEarth'shistory.为了研究开花植物如何改变地球Tounderstandhowtheychangedourplanet,我们需要重归史前时代weneedtogorightbacktoaprehistorictime.追溯到第一朵花绽放的时刻.tothemomentwhentheveryfirstflowerappeared.1.4亿年之前的地球Upuntilaround140millionyearsago,与今日有着天壤之别theEarthwasverydifferent.恐龙统治着整个动物王国Theanimalkingdomwasdominatedbydinosaurs.大家今天熟知的几块大♥陆♥尚未形成Andtheseparatecontinentsweknowtodaydidn'texist.相反只存在一块巨大的整体大♥陆♥古泛大♥陆♥Instead,therehadbeenasinglehugecontinent,Pangaea.我正前往一个与远古超级大♥陆♥mheadingforaplacethat'saboutascloseasyoucanget极为相似的地方tothatancientsupercontinent.位于距澳大利亚1500公里之遥的南太平洋It,sintheremoteSouthPacific,1,500kmfromAustralia.新喀里多尼亚岛TheislandofNewCaledonia.这里仿佛世外桃源对不对ItlookslikeParadise,doesn'tit?新喀里多尼亚之所以引人关注WhatmakesNewCaledoniajustsointeresting是因为这里就像是远古植物的诺亚方舟isthatit'slikeaNoah'sArkofancientplants.这次短暂的旅行Thislittlejourneyisgoing将我们带回至1.4亿年之前totakeusbackintime140millionyears.因为这一地区的与世隔绝Becausethispartoftheworldissoisolated,能让我们一瞥花出现之前的植物世界itgivesaglimpseoftheplantworldbeforeflowersexisted.当时植物王国有两大统治者Backthen,theplantkingdomhadtwomightyrulers.一个是高耸的针叶林Oneofthemwasthetallconifers,如这种史前巨松likethisprehistoricspeciesofpine.看看这些树非常怪异是吧1.ookatthesetrees.Bizarre,aren'tthey?树体相当大They'rehuge.南洋杉库克松Araucaria,Cookpine,后者以探险至此的库克船长得名namedafterCaptainCookwhoexploredthiscorneroftheworld.松树属于针叶科树种Pinetreesareafamilyof针叶科是世界上最古老的物种之一conifersthatareamongsttheoldestintheworld在恐龙出没的时代sowhenthedinosaurswerearound,它们是真正的“庞然大树”thesewerenature'srealgiants.花的出现之所以如此具有革命意义Whatmadeflowerssorevolutionary因为此前的远古植物都有其局限性wasthelimitationsoftheancientplantsthatcamebeforethem.针叶植物孕育后代Toreproduce,conifers要依靠变幻莫测的风likethesereliedonthevagariesofthewind.这是花粉针叶植物的雄性生殖细胞Thisispollen,themalesexcellsofconifers.每粒花粉要放大1000倍才能被肉眼看到Eachgrainhastobemagnified1,000timestoreallyseeit.其两侧各有一个气囊用来捕捉微风Thetwoairsacs,oneineachside,catchthebreeze.运气好的话雄性花粉会被Withluck,themalepollenwillbeblown吹至附近树上的雌球花toafemaleconeonanearbytree.要想成功每株针叶植物都需要大量花粉Butforthattohappen,eachconiferneedsvastamounts.非常浪费It,sverywasteful.一棵树就要生产多达