抢分法宝 01 阅读理解题（解析版）.docx

秘籍Ol阅读理解目录阅读理解【高考预测】阅读理解概率预测+题型预测+考向预测01【思维导图】阅读理解考点考向思维导图02【应试秘籍】阅读理解常考点及应对的策略02【误区点拨】阅读理解点拨常见的易错点03【抢分通关】阅读理解押题新高考方向，讲解通关策略（含新考法）09高考预测概率预测题型预测细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题考向预测体裁：应用文1篇、细节理解题7-8题、记叙文0-1篇、说明文1-3篇、议论文OJ篇推理判断题7-9题、主旨大意题1-2题、词义猜测题1题应试秘籍秘籍：高考意义阅读弄清文体类型，可以把握文体结构和写作特征，快速、准确地把握作者的写作思路、理解作者的写作意图。高考意义阅读有应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文。记叙文又可细分为小说、新闻报道、人物传记等。具体体裁结构如下：应用文:如书信、广告、日记等。文中具体细节题较多，阅读时应当采取先题后文法。以提高答题速度和精准度。记叙文:英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要体现记叙文六要素。其主题往往隐藏在字里行间或结尾点题。阅读记叙文应当采取略读和扫读的方法，从整体上快速抓住文章描写的主要内容，把握作者的写作意图和情感线索。说明文：英语说明文通常介绍最新科技发明、重大成就、流行现象等。总体结构通常分为三部分，说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结。阅读时，首先要抓住文章说明的要点，即被说明对象的实质性特征。议论文:英语议论文由”论点、论据、结论”三部分组成。借助某一现象引出论点，通过论据从各个层面加以推理论证，最后得出结论。应当把握每一段的主题句。误区点拨易错点一：细节理解题秘籍：细节理解题主要考查对文章中某一特定句子的理解，解题时可以使用快速阅读的方法，找到文章中对应的关键词，然后再仔细阅读相关的句子，理解其含义。具体步骤如下，第一步：采用先题后文法，先仔细审读题干，标出关键词。第二步,采用原词复现、近义词、同义词甚至反义词等方法，迅速在原文中查询关键词句，再精准翻译。第三步：核对选项，注意细节是否有替换或曲解。典例精讲（2024年九省联考）OneposterfromtheexhibitionHenryWellge,stiYellowstoneNationalPark”from1904wasrecentlypurchasedwithdonatedfundsandisnowpartofUW1.ibraries'EmmettD.ChisumSpecialCollections.Wellge,aproductivebird's-eye-viewartist,designedthepiecefortheNorthernPacificRailroad,whichusedittoadvertisethepark.Thisisauniquepiece,asposterssuchasthisonewereprintedonsoftpaperandveryfewhavesurvived.3.WhatdoWeknowaboutthe1904posterHenryWellgedesigned?A.Itisrareintheworld.B.Itisinblackandwhite.C.Itisprintedoncloth.D.Itisownedbyaprofessor.破解：第一步：审读题干，画出关键词the1904posterHenryWellge。第二步：根据最后一段UThiSiSaUniqUepiece,asposterssuchasthisonewereprintedonsoftpaperandveryfewhaveSUrViVed.（这是一件独特的作品，因为像这样的海报是印在软纸上的，很少有幸存下来）“可知，1904年亨利韦尔奇设计的海报在世界上很罕见。第三步：核对选项，同义词替换UniqUC对应rare。故选A。变式：（2024年浙江1月真题）Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecallnottoshelterfrom（herain.Agesagoright?ThelastlimeIusedaphoneboxfbritsintendedpurposewas2006.Iwasconductingauditions（试演）fbrmyplayinmytinyoldsharedhousein1.ondon.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstocomeandworkformefornothing,Ispreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeitseemabitmore,youngprofessional,AsIrushedoutdoorstoemptythewastepaperbaskets,thedoorswungshutbehindme.SuddenlyIwaslockedoutside.Mymobilephonewasinside,butluckilytherewasatelephoneboxacrossthestreet.So,IcalledDirectoryAssistance,gotputthroughtoourlandlady'smanagingagent,andhadasparekeysenttomewithjustenoughtimetogetbackinbeforetheactorsarrived.5. Whydidtheauthorusethetelephoneboxin2006?A.Toplaceanurgentcall.B.Ibputupanotice.C.Tbshelterfromtherain.D.Toholdanaudition.破解：根据第二段第四句"So,IcalledDirectoryAssistance,gotputthroughtoourlandlady'smanagingagent,andhadasparekeysenttomewithjustenoughtimetogetbackinbeforetheactorsarrived4所以,我打'电话给电话查号台，接通了女房东的经纪人，他们给了我一把备用钥匙，刚好来得及在演员们到来之前回去。）“可知，作者在2006年使用电话亭是为了拨打紧急电话。故选A。易错点二：推理判断题1.秘籍:推理判断题需要采用深度阅读法,采用文题结合的阅读方式,理解文章中隐含的意思和逻辑关系，从而得出正确的推断。第一步：采用先文题结合法，阅读文章主旨段落，以便把握作者写作意图和方向。第二步：审读题干，提取关键词，定位到原文相关句子，再精准翻译。注意长难句的结构划分，长难句中常会设置题目。第三步：注意细节和逻辑关系，核对选项，得出正确答案。z典例精讲（204高三广东阶段练习）PhotographerXieJianguo,spassionforphotographingwildanimalsandpolarecologyisevidentinhisextensivetravels.HehastraveledtodestinationssuchasKenya,BotswanaandMadagascarninetimes.Furthermore,hehasvisitedtheArcticandAntarcticcontinentsmorethan30times.XiealsohasexploreddiverseregionsacrossEurope,NorthAmerica,SouthAmeriCa,AsiaandAustralia,catchingtheremarkablebeautyofnaturethroughhiscamerasonnumerousoccasions.Since2012,Xiehasredirectedhiscamerastowardshishomeland,focusingontakingpicturesofwildlifeinChina.Nowhisfootprintshavecoverednearlyalltheprovincesandregionsthroughoutthecountry.Hehasexplorednearly100wildlifeprotectionareas,suchasSourceoftheThreeRivers,HohXil,QiIianMountainandXishuangbanna.FromtheadorablepandasinSichuantotheplayfulPallas,scatsinInnerMongolia,Xiehasdevotedhimselftodocumentingthecountry'srareandendangeredanimals,whichshowcasesuniquenaturalandecologicalwondersofChina.WhatcanweIeamaboutXiefromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A. HefocusedontakingpicturesofChinesewonders.B. Hewasenthusiasticaboutphotographingwildanimals.C. Hewenttomanyplacestoenjoythebeautifulscenery.D. Hetraveledabroadtoknowmoreaboutforeignculture.破解：推理判断题。根据第一段中“PhotographerXicJianguo,spassionforphotographingwildanimals（摄影师谢建国对拍摄野生动物的热情）”可知，谢热衷于拍摄野生动物，故选B。变式1:（2024河北保定一模）EHanghasambitionsbeyondChina,too.Thefirm,sclosestcompetitorsareVolocopter,aGermancompany,andapairofCalifomianfirms,JobyAviationandArcherAviation.AllthreeareconductingtestflightsofpilotedeVTO1.sofvariousdesigns.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A. EVTO1.swilldefinitelybringinahugeprofit.B. EVTO1.sarepopularworldwide.C. EHangmayfacechallengesinexpandingfuturemarket.D. EHangwillimproveitsdesigntodefeatcompetitors.破解：推理判断题。根据最后一段“EHanghasambitionsbeyondChina,too.Thefirm'sclosestcompetitorsareVolocopter,aGermancompany,andapairofCalifbmianfirms,JobyAviationandArcherAvialion.AllthreeareconductingtestflightsofpilotedeVTO1.sofvariousdesigns.”（亿航在中国以外也有野心。该公司最接近的竞争对手是德国的Volocopter公司，以及加州的两家公司JobyA