美国名人 军事家 道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟.docx

美国名人军事家道格拉斯麦克阿瑟DouglasMacArthurz1880-1964:AMostSuccessfulandUnusualMilitary1.eaderplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:33repeat51VOA.COMNow,theVOASpecialEnglishprogramPeopleinamerica.TodayRichKleinfeldtandSarah1.ongtellaboutoneofthemostunusualandsuccessfulAmericanmilitaryleaders,GeneralDouglasMacArthur.(MUSIC)GeneralDouglasMacArthurwasamostunusualman.Hewasextremelyintelligentandverydemanding.Heexpectedhisorderstobefollowedexactly.Yethehadproblemsallhislifefollowingtheordersofthosewhowerehiscommanders.DouglasMacArthurwasveryintelligentandcouldrememberthingsthatotherswouldeasilyforget.Hecoulddesignbattleplansthatlefttheenemynochoiceotherthansurrenderanddefeat.Hisbattleplansdefeatedtheenemyandsavedasmanyofhisownmenaspossible.Atothertimes,hewouldmakesimplemistakesthatmadehimappearstupid.Heoftensaidthingsthatshowedhefeltimportant.Manypeoplemadejokesabouthim.Someofhissoldierssangsongsthatmadefunofhim.OthersbelievedhewasthebestgeneralevertoserveintheUnitedStatesmilitary.GeneralDouglasMacArthurwasextremelybraveinbattle,sometimesalmostfoolish.Itoftenseemedasifhebelievedhecouldnotbekilled.HewoneverymedalandhonortheUnitedStatescangiveasoldier.However,attheendofhislife,herejectedwarandwarnedAmericanpoliticalleaderstostayawayfromarmedconflict.(MUSIC)DouglasMacArthurwasborntobeasoldier.Hisfather,ArthurMacArthur,wasaherooftheAmericanCivilWarandcontinuedtoserveinthearmyafterthewarendedineighteensixty-five.Hebecamethetopofficerofthearmyinnineteen-oh-six.DouglaswasbornonanArmybasenearthesoutherncityof1.ittleRockzArkansasinJanuary,eighteeneighty.Hegrewuponarmybaseswherehisfatherserved.HesaidthefirstsoundshecouldrememberasachildwerethoseoftheArmy:thesoundsofhornszdrumsandsoldiersmarching.TherewasneveranyquestionaboutwhatDouglasMacArthurwoulddowithhislife.Hewouldjointhearmy.HewantedtoentertheUnitedStatesMilitaryAcademyatWestPointzNewYork.TheAcademyisauniversitythattrainsofficersfortheUnitedStatesArmy.Schoolofficialsrejectedhimtwotimesbeforehewasaccepted.HefinishedhisfouryearsatWestPointasthebeststudentinhisclass.DouglasMacArthurbeganhisserviceintheArmybytravelingtoseveralAsiancountriesincludingJapan,andtothePhilippines,thenanAmericanterritory.HealsoservedatseveralsmallbasesintheUnitedStates.HebecameacolonelwhenWorldWarOnebegan.Heledtroopsonverydangerousattacksagainsttheenemy.Hewonmanyhonorsforhisbraveryandleadership.Afterthatwar,heservedasheadoftheWestPointMilitaryAcademy.Hebecameageneral.Duringthenineteenthirties,PresidentHerbertHooverappointedhimchiefofstaffoftheArm½oneofthemostimportantjobsintheAmericanmilitary.Innineteenthirty-five,GeneralMacArthurwasappointedmilitaryadvisortothePhilippines.HewastohelpthegovernmentbuildanarmyfordefensepurposesasthePhilippinesbeganplanningforindependence.Hehadretiredfromthearmy.HewasthechiefmilitaryadvisortothePhilippinemilitaryforceswhentheUnitedStatesenteredWorldWarTwoinDecembecnineteenforty-one.JapaneseaggressioninthePacificdevelopedveryquickly.JapanesetroopsbeganarrivinginthePhilippinesonDecembereleventhznineteenforty-one.Thefightingwasextremelyfierce.TheJapaneseweredefeatingthePhilippineandAmericanforces.GeneralMacArthurhadbeenrecalledtoactivedutybyPresidentFranklinRoosevelt.PresidentRooseveltorderedMacArthurtoleavethePhilippinestocommandAmericanforcesintheSouthPacific.GeneralMacArthurfinaIIyagreedtoleaveforAustraliabeforethePhilippinessurrenderedtoJapan.ButhemadeapromisetothePhilippinepeople.Hesaid,"lshallreturn."MilitaryhistoryexpertscontinuetostudyGeneralMacArthur'sdecisionsduringWorldWarTwo.HewonbattleafterbattleintheSouthPacificarea.Often,hewouldpassislandswithstrongenemyforces,cutofftheirsuppliesandleavethemwithnochancetofight.Innineteenforty-four,hereturnedtothePhilippineswithanarmythatdefeatedtheJapanese.MacArthurwaschosentoaccepttheJapanesesurrenderinSeptember;nineteenforty-five.HewasappointedSupremeCommanderoftheAlliedPowers,theleaderoftheoccupationforcesthatwouldruleJapan.AsanAmericansoldier,hehadtofollowtheordersofthegovernmentinWashington.ButinJapan,GeneralMacArthurruledlikeadictator.TheJapaneseexpectedseverepunishment.TheysawMacArthurasaveryconservativerulerwhowouldmakeJapansuffer.MacArthurdidchargesomeJapaneseleaderswithwarcrimes.ButhedidnottrytopunishtheJapanesepeople.GeneralMacArthurtoldtheJapanesetheymustchange,bothpoliticallyandsocially.Hebeganwitheducation.Beforethewar,femalechildreninJapanreceivedlittleifanyeducation.MacArthursaideducationwouldbeforeveryone,includinggirlsandwomen.Hesaidwomenmusthavetherighttovoteinelections,andbepermittedtoholdpoliticaloffice.HesaidJapanesewomenwouldnowhavethesamelegalrightsasmen.Andhesaidthateverypersonhadthesamelegalprotectionunderthelaw.GeneralMacArthurtoldtheJapanesepeopletheywerenowfreetoformpoliticalparties.Andheendedtheideaofanofficialgovernmentreligion.Religionwouldbeamatterofindividualchoice.HealsosaidtheJapanesegovernmentwouldnolongerbecontrolledbyafewpowerfulpeople.MacArthurtoldJapanitwouldnowberuledbyaparlia