世界经济论坛-气候危机中的创新与适应：面向新常态的技术（英）-2024.1.docx

IncollaborationwithBostonConsultingGroupWQR1.DECONOMICFQRUMInnovationandAdaptationintheClimateCrisis:TechnologyfortheNewNormalINSIGHTREPORTJANUARY2024Images:GettyImagesContentsForeword3Executivesummary4Introduction51 Comprehendrisks(andopportunities)121.1 Dronesfordatacollection141.2 IoTandsensorsfordatacollection141.3 Earthobservationforplanetaryintelligence151.4 Artificialintelligence161.5 AR/VRtovisualizeclimateimpacts191.6 Advancedcomputingtopowerintelligence202 Buildresilience212.1 Climate-resilientinfrastructure242.2 Climate-resilientfoodsystems252.3 Resilientglobalsupplychains262.4 Advancedearlywarningsystems273 Responddynamically283.1 Thefirst72hours303.2 Alforhumanitariandatallection303.3 Earthobservationforpost-disasteranalytics313.4 Alforpost-crisisdecision-making323.5 Dronestooptimizesearch-and-rescueoperations333.6 Altooptimizemobilityandevacuations334 Multistakeholderllaborationandkeyenablers354.1 Opensourceistheunlock374.2 Repositioningadaptationtoattractfinance404.3 Policyandregulationasacatalyst41Conclusion42Contributors43Endnotes45DisclaimerThisdocumentispublishedbytheWorldEconomicForumasacontributiontoaproject,insightareaorinteraction.Thefindings,interpretationsandconclusionsexpressedhereinarearesultofacollaborativeprocessfacilitatedandendorsedbytheWorldEconomicFo11jmbutwhoseresultsdonotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsoftheWorldEconomicForum,nor(heentiretyofitsMembers,Partnersorotherstakeholders.©2024WorldEconomicForum.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,includingphotocopyingandrerding,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem.January2024InnovationandAdaptationintheClimateCrisis:TechnologyfortheNewNormalForewordHelenBurdettHamidMaherManagingDirectorandPartner,BostonConsultingGroupHead,TechnologyforEarth,WorldEconomicForumRecentyearshaveseenextremeweathereventswracktheglobe-fromthe2021floodinginGermanytothispastyear,swildfiresinHawaii,EasternCanadaandAustralia-leavinglittledoubtthattheimpactsofclimatechangearearriving.Theclimatescienceisclearthattheseimpactswillbecomemorevolatile:thecontinuationofcurrentemissionsandnaturedegradationcorrelatewithincreasedsudden-andslow-onseteventswithinthisdecade.Mitigatinggreenhousegas(GHG)emissionshasneverbeenmoreurgent.Atthesametime,communities,businessesandgovernmentsmustadapttopresentandoncomingchanges.Adaptationistheprocessofevolvingtotheeffectsofchange-inthiscase,adjustingecological,socialandeconomicsystemstoalleviatetheimpactsofclimatechange.Thisincludescrisisresponseforextremeeventssuchasfloodingandwildfires.Italsoencompassesmulti-faceted,agileapproachesfornavigatingaworldwherereliableclimateandweatherconditionscannolongerbetakenforgranted.1.eadersneednewformsofintelligencetobuildresilienceintotheircommunitiesandbusinesses.Alongtheway,first-moverswillfindthisisnotonlyariskmitigationstrategybutalsoasourceofcompetitiveadvantage.Therearemultipleinterdependentapproachestoclimateadaptation,includingeconomicincentives,policyandregulation,locally-ledintervention,andnature-basedapproaches.Technologyisakeyenableracrossallofthem-helpingleadersnotonlytoassessclimateriskbutalsotoidentifysolutionsandtobuildresilienceintherealworld.Data-drivenanddigitaltechnologies,inparticular,willbeacriticalsourceofadaptivevalueprotectionandcreation.Advancesinthesetechnologies-particularlyartificialintelligence(AI)-havebeenoneofthemajorstoriesof2023.Thisreportoutlinestherolesthatdata-drivenanddigitaltechnologiescanplayinsupportingclimateadaptation,fromstrengtheningriskanalyticsandclimate-proofingsupplychainstopoweringR&Danddiscoveryprocessestoyieldthenextgenerationofclimatetechnologies.TheTeChforCIimateAdaDtatiOnWorkingGroup,hostedbytheWorldEconomicForum'sCentrefortheFourthIndustrialRevolution,convenedtodevelopthisreportandadvanceapplicationsandknowledgerelatedtotechnologyforclimateadaptation.Theworkinggroupincludesleadersandexpertsfromtechnology,industry,thepublicsector,academiaandcivilsociety.Itsmembershavebeenessentialtochartingthescopeofthisreportandbringingdomain-specificinsighttoitschapters.Thereisnotechnologicalsilverbulletforclimatechange.Moretothepoint,thereisnosubstitutefordeepandswiftmitigationofGHGemissions.Theimpactsofclimatechangearehereandcannotbeignored.Technologyoffersawaytomanagetheseimpacts-toadaptandbringmoreclaritytoanuncertainfuture.ExecutivesummaryTheimpactsofclimatechangeareintensifyinganddata-drivenanddigitaltechnologiescanhelp.Theimpactsofclimatechange-intheformofextremeandslow-onsetevents-areincreasinginfrequencyandintensity.TheWorldEconomicForum,s2024GlobalRisksReportrankedextremeweathereventsasthesecond-mostsevereriskoverthenexttwoyears-andthemostsevereovera10-yearhorizon.Nearlyhalfoftheworld'spopulationisvulnerabletotheimpactsofclimatechange.Virtuallyeverysectoroftheglobaleconomyisexposedtosomedegreeofclimate-relatedrisk.Technologyi