【社媒营销分析报告】美国社交媒体及青年精神卫生报告-英.docx

SocialMediaandYouthMentalHealthTheU.S.SurgeonGenerasAdvisoryContentsAbouttheAdvisory3SocialMediaandYouthMentalHealth4SocialMediaHasBothPositiveandNegativeImpacts5onChildrenandAdolescentsThePotentialBenefitsofSocialMediaUseAmongChildrenandAdolescents6ThePotentialHarmsofSocialMediaUseAmongChildrenandAdolescents6WhatDrivesMentalHealthandWell-BeingConcerns:8ASnapshotoftheScientificEvidencePotentialRiskofHarmfromContentExposure8PotentialRiskofHarmfromExcessiveandProblematicUse9CriticalQuestionsRemainUnanswered11KnownEvidenceGaps11WeMustTakeAction:AWayForward13WhatPolicymakersCanDo15WhatTechnologyCompaniesCanDo16WhatParentsandCaregiversCanDo17WhatChildrenandAdolescentsCanDo18WhatResearchersCanDo19Acknowledgments20Endnotes21AbouttheAdvisoryASurgeonGenerasAdvisoryisapublicstatementthatcallstheAmericanpeople,sattentiontoanurgentpublichealthissueandprovidesrecommendationsforhowitshouldbeaddressed.Advisoriesarereservedforsignificantpublichealthchallengesthatrequirethenation,simmediateawarenessandaction.ThisAdvisorycallsattentiontothegrowingconcernsabouttheeffectsofsocialmediaonyouthmentalhealth.Itexploresanddescribesthecurrentevidenceonthepositiveandnegativeimpactsofsocialmediaonchildrenandadolescents,someoftheprimaryareasformentalhealthandwell-beingconcerns,andopportunitiesforadditionalresearchtohelpunderstandthefullscopeandscaleofsocialmedia,simpact.Thisdocumentisnotanexhaustivereviewoftheliterature.Rather,itwasdevelopedthroughasubstantialreviewoftheavailableevidence,primarilyfoundviaelectronicsearchesofresearcharticlespublishedinEnglishandresourcessuggestedbyawiderangeofsubjectmatterexperts,withprioritygivento,butnotlimitedto,meta-analysesandsystematicliteraturereviews.Italsooffersactionablerecommendationsfortheinstitutionsthatcanshapeonlineenvironments-policymakersandtechnologycompanies-aswellasforwhatparentsandcaregivers,youngpeople,andresearcherscando.ForadditionalbackgroundandtoreadotherSurgeonGeneral'sAdvisories,visitSurgeonGenera1.govSocialMediaandYouthMentalHealthSocialmedia1usebyyouthisnearlyuniversal.Upto95%ofyouthages13-17reportusingasocialmediaplatform,withmorethanathirdsayingtheyusesocialmediaualmostconstantly/2Althoughage13iscommonlytherequiredminimumageusedbysocialmediaplatformsintheU.S.,3nearly40%ofchildrenages8-12usesocialmedia.4Despitethiswidespreaduseamongchildrenandadolescents,robustindependentsafetyanalysesontheimpactofsocialmediaonyouthhavenotyetbeenconducted.Thereareincreasingconcernsamongresearchers,parentsandcaregivers,youngpeople,healthcareexperts,andothersabouttheimpactofsocialmediaonyouthmentalhealth.56Moreresearchisneededtofullyunderstandtheimpactofsocialmedia;however,thecurrentbodyofevidenceindicatesthatwhilesocialmediamayhavebenefitsforsomechildrenandadolescents,thereareampleindicatorsthatsocialmediacanalsohaveaprofoundriskofharmtothementalhealthandwell-beingofchildrenandadolescents.Atthistime,wedonotyethaveenoughevidencetodetermineifsocialmediaissufficientlysafeforchildrenandadolescents.Wemustacknowledgethegrowingbodyofresearchaboutpotentialharms,increaseourcollectiveunderstandingoftherisksassociatedwithsocialmediause,andurgentlytakeactiontocreatesafeandhealthydigitalenvironmentsthatminimizeharmandsafeguardchildren,sandadolescents1mentalhealthandwell-beingduringcriticalstagesOfdevelopment.Upto95%ofyouthages13-17reportusingasocialmediaplatform,withmorethanathirdsayingtheyusesocialmediaHalmostconstantly.,SocialMediaHasBothPositiveandNegativeImpactsonChildrenandAdolescentsTheinfluenceofsocialmediaonyouthmentalhealthisshapedbymanycomplexfactors,including,butnotlimitedto,theamountoftimechildrenandadolescentsspendonplatforms,thetypeofcontenttheyconsumeorareotherwiseexposedto,theactivitiesandinteractionssocialmediaaffords,andthedegreetowhichitdisruptsactivitiesthatareessentialforhealthlikesleepandphysicalactivity.6Importantly,differentchildrenandadolescentsareaffectedbysocialmediaindifferentways,basedontheirindividualstrengthsandvulnerabilities,andbasedoncultural,historical,andsocio-economicfactors.718Thereisbroadagreementamongthescientificcommunitythatsocialmediahasthepotentialtobothbenefitandharmchildrenandadolescents.69Braindevelopmentisacriticalfactortoconsiderwhenassessingtheriskforharm.Adolescents,ages10to19,areundergoingahighlysensitiveperiodofbraindevelopment.10-11Thisisaperiodwhenrisk-takingbehaviorsreachtheirpeak,whenwell-beingexperiencesthegreatestfluctuations,andwhenmentalhealthchallengessuchasdepressiontypicallyemerge.12-1314Furthermore,inearlyadolescence,whenidentitiesandsenseofself-worthareforming,braindevelopmentisespeciallysusceptibletosocialpressures,peeropinions,andpeercomparison.11'13Frequentsocialmediausemaybeassociatedwithdistinctchangesinthedevelopingbrainintheamygdala(importantforemotionallearningandbehavior)andtheprefrontalcortex(importantforimpulsecontrol,emotionalregulation,andmoderatingsocialbehavior),andcouldincreasesensitivitytosocialrewardsandpunishments.1516Assuch,ado