1668.试析中小学课业负担过重的原因毕业论文.doc
毕业论文 本科毕业论文试析中小学课业负担过重的原因学生姓名:指导教师:所在院系:所在专业: 中文摘要中小学课业负担过重已经成为影响青少年健康成长和素质教育顺利开展的主要障碍,引起了社会的广泛关注,尽管国家教育行政部门下发了几十个文件,但“重负”依旧,屡禁不止,甚至愈发严重起来,为了全面的实施素质教育,使青少年健康成长,“减负”必须抓出成效。导致中小学课业负担过重的原因是多方面的,有学校的,教师的,家长的,社会的,总之都可分为历史的原因和现实的原因,本文从这两大方面进行分析,中国传统文化与教育的特色构成了历史原因的主要方面,即:重视教育的社会政治功能和读书的功利色彩的基本教育价值取向。而在现实原因中,人事制度的不合理成为家长和教师向学生施加压力的有力借口;,家庭成为了学生增负的重要场所,更是学生课业负担加重的动力来源和直接来源,并且成为了学生心理增负的重要来源;高考指挥棒更是造成这一现象的重要原因,一条录取分数线勒住了教师的喉咙,也抽打着学生;教师职业道德的滑坡使其不顾学生的心理承受能力和学生的身体健康,通过增加学生课业来弥补自己教学上的不足,这便使有些教师片面强调成绩而丢失了教师的初衷;缺乏有力的监督机制,助长了教师不去提高自己的素质,不去提高教学的科学本领,而是用加大作业量这一简单的违反科学的方法来提高学生虚假的考试分数,不是科学地通过提高学生素质,提高教学效果,而是用应试教育的方式指导学生用投机繁荣方法应付考试。综上这些原因造成了中小学课业负担过重,当然这不是全部的,它是多方面,多层次的,所以说解决这一问题也不是一时一刻就能完成的,我们只有认清原因,对症下药,才能从根本上彻底解决。关键词: 中小学;课业;负担;原因 The contents summary:the primary and junior high school lessons burden is overweight to have already become to affect the teenager the healthy growth open the exhibition with education for all-round development smoothly mainObstacle, caused the extensive concern of the society, though national education administration section descend delivered several ten documents," heavy burden" is still, forbiding often not only, even deliver more serious, for the sake of the overall implement education for all-round development, make healthy growth of teenager," reduce negative" must grasp a result.The reason that causes the primary and junior high school lessons burden overweigh is various, there is school, teacher of, parent of, society of, in fine can is divided into the reason of the history and the reason of the actuality, this text is from these two the generous noodles carried on the analysis, Chinese traditional culture and educational special features composing the main aspect of the reason of history, namely:Value educational social political function and the basic education value mindset of the utility color of studyings.But in realistic reason, the absurdity of the personnel system becomes the parent and teachers toward what student bring pressure emollient to borrow;, The family becomes the student to increase the negative important place, it is student the lessons burden aggravate of motive source and direct source, and became student's mental state to increase negative important source;High test conductor's baton BE also result in this phenomenon of important reason, an acceptance score line stopped the teacher's throat, also taking out to beat the student;The slippery 坡 of the occupation morals of teacher make it the mental acceptance ability of the regardless of student and the healthy body of the student, pass to increase student's lessons to make up the shortage on oneself's teaching, this makes some teachers unilateral to emphasize the result but threw to lose the teacher's original intention then;Lack the emollient direct mechanism, foster the teacher and don't go to the character of raise the oneself, don't go to the science skill of raise the teaching, but measures this to breach the method of science in brief to raise the deceitful examination score of student with the enlargement homework, is not science ground passes to raise student's character, raise the teaching result, but use and should try the educational way leading the student copes with the examination with the speculation prosperity method.These reasons resulted in the primary and junior high school lessons burden overweigh on, certainly this is not all, it various, multilayers of, so say that resolve this problem also is not at that time a moment and can complete of, we only recognize the pure reason, prescribe medicine for specific ailment, then can resolve by the root and thoroughly.Keyword: primary and junior high school;Lessons;Burden;Reason中小学课业负担过重已成为影响青少年健康成长和素质教育顺利开展的主要障碍,引起了社会的广泛关注,据说,近二十年来国家教育行政部门已为此下发了几十个文件,但“重负”依旧,屡禁不止,顽症久治不愈,甚至愈发严重起来。“减负”是一个深层次的社会问题,为了使此项工作能长期坚持下去,防止反弹,抓出成效,全面地实施素质教育,我们必须对中小学生课业负担过重的成因进行剖析。导致“重负”的原因多种多样,有学校的教师的家长的社会的,有中国传统文化的影响,有现代教育制度的原因等等。本文从历史和现实两方面试析造成中小学课业负担过重的深层次原因:1,历史原因自隋唐时代中国采取科举取士制度以来,“读书考试做官”的选材体制就根深蒂固地奠定了我国政治文化教育三位一体的社会基本模式的基础,并形成了中国传统文化与教育的特色。从“学而优则仕”“书中自有黄金屋,书中自有颜如玉”“万般皆下品,惟有读书高”等古训中,反映出我国重视教育的社会政治功能和读书的功利主义色彩的教育的基本价值取向,而科举考试与取士制度则是实现这种教育价值取向的主要形式和运行机制,把读书作为晋升职位和求取功名的根本途径。以考试作为选拔人才的基本制度,是中国传统教育的支柱,不可否认,传统的中国文化和教育模式对我国乃至世界的政治经济文化作出了巨大的贡献,产生了深远的积极影响,但其负面影响也是巨大而深远的,它造成了教育中的“分数至上”“考试领导教育”等弊端,导致学生学习死记硬背,出现了考试与升学竞争白热化的现象,阻碍了素质教育的开展,这是造成学生课业负担过重的主要原因之一。2,现实原因新中国成立后,由于我国生产技术极为落后,人均收入不足以维持温饱,资本积累能力很差,同时,我国又要实行以经济增长为主要目标的发展战略,进行大规模的经济建设,所以只能借助于政治力量来强行推进经济发展,这样使国家一方面可以在较短时期内迅速动员和集中较大数额的资金,建立一批先进的工业企业,形成较大的城市和经济中心,另一方面这些现代工业部门却被人为地嵌入传统体系之中,而且在集中资金建设现代工业部门的同时,不可避免的削弱了原有经济部门的发展,由此出现了部门发展不衡的状况,如我们曾长期把农业作为重要资金积累渠道,通过工农业产品的不等价交换等手段,将大部分农业剩余吸纳到城市和工业部门之中,新兴工业部门却由于原有基础太薄弱,而不能迅速地反过来扶持农业部门的发展,因此,解放以后,在相当长的一