2023年世界移民与发展简报（英）.docx

1.everagingDiasporaFinancesforPrivateCapitalMobilizationMigrationandDevelopmentBrief39December2023©2023InternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment/TheWorldBank.SomeRightsReservedThisworkwasproducedundertheGlobalKnowledgePartnershiponMigrationandDevelopment(KNOMAD).Aglobalhubofknowledgeandpolicyexpertiseonmigrationanddevelopment,KNOMADaimstocreateandsynthesizemultidisciplinaryknowledgeandevidence;generateamenuofpolicyoptionsformigrationpolicymakers;andprovidetechnicalassistanceandcapacitybuildingforpilotprojects,evaluationofpolicies,anddatacollection.Thefindings,interpretations,andconclusionsexpressedinthisworkdonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofTheWorldBank,itsBoardofExecutiveDirectors,oritsmembercountries.TheWorldBankdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataincludedinthiswork.Theboundaries,colors,denominations,andotherinformationshownonanymapinthisworkdonotimplyanyjudgmentonthepartofTheWorldBankconcerningthelegalstatusofanyterritoryortheendorsementoracceptanceofsuchboundaries.NothinghereinshallconstituteorbeconsideredtobealimitationuponorwaiveroftheprivilegesandimmunitiesofTheWorldBank,allofwhicharespecificallyreserved.RightsandPermissionsThisworkisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution3.0IGOlicense(CCBY3.0IGO)http:CreatiVeCommOnSQrgZIiCenSeSby3.0igo.UndertheCreativeCommonsAttributionlicense,youarefreetocopy,distribute,transmit,andadaptthiswork,includingforcommercialpurposes,underthefollowingconditions:Attribution-Pleasecitetheworkasfollows:DilipRatha,VandanaChandra,EungJuKim,SoniaPlaza,andWilliamShaw.2023.“MigrationandDevelopmentBrief39:LeveragingDiasporaFinancesforPrivateCapitalMobilization?*WorldBankzWashington,DC."License:CreativeCommonsAttributionCCBY3.0IGO.Translations-Ifyoucreateatranslationofthiswork,pleaseaddthefollowingdisclaimeralongwiththeattribution:WThiStranslationwasnotcreatedbyTheWorldBankandshouldnotbeconsideredanofficialtranslation.TheWorldBankshallnotbeliableforanycontentorerrorinthistranslation/Adaptations-Ifyoucreateanadaptationofthiswork,pleaseaddthefollowingdisclaimeralongwiththeattribution:"ThisisanadaptationofanoriginalworkbyTheWorldBank.ViewsandopinionsexpressedintheadaptationarethesoleresponsibilityoftheauthororauthorsoftheadaptationandarenotendorsedbyTheWorldBank.”Third-partycontent-TheWorldBankdoesnotnecessarilyowneachcomponentofthecontentcontainedwithinthework.TheWorldBankthereforedoesnotwarrantthattheuseofanythird-party-ownedindividualcomponentorpartcontainedintheworkwillnotinfringeontherightsofthosethirdparties.Theriskofclaimsresultingfromsuchinfringementrestssolelywithyou.Ifyouwishtoreuseacomponentofthework,itisyourresponsibilitytodeterminewhetherpermissionisneededforthatreuseandtoobtainpermissionfromthecopyrightowner.Examplesofcomponentscaninclude,butarenotlimitedto,tables,figures,orimages.AllqueriesonrightsandlicensesshouldbeaddressedtoWorldBankPublications,TheWorldBankGroup,1818HStreetNW,Washington,DC20433,USA;e-mail:pubrightsworldbank.org.KNOMADSchweizerische edgenossenschft ConfederatiOn 而SSe Confederazione Svizzera Confederaziun svzraSwiss Ag<ncy for Development and Cooperation SDCcooperationDtUTSCHtIVUMMtNAMtITImplementedbyI7QMtMUWt<>MM'tIHgWNWZ-IZa-d*1MigrationandDevelopmentBriefsreportupdatesonmigrationandremittanceflowsaswellassalientpolicydevelopmentsintheareaofinternationalmigrationanddevelopment.TheGlobalKnowledgePartnershiponMigrationandDevelopment(KNOMAD)isaglobalhubofknowledgeandpolicyexpertiseonmigrationanddevelopment.Itaimstocreateandsynthesizemultidisciplinaryknowledgeandevidence;generateamenuofpolicyoptionsformigrationpolicymakers;andprovidetechnicalassistanceandcapacitybuildingforpilotprojects,evaluationofpolicies,anddatacollection.KNOMADissupportedbyamultidonortrustfundestablishedbytheWorldBank.TheEuropeanCommissionandDeutscheGesellschaftfiirInternationaleZusammenarbeit(GIZ)GmbH,commissionedbyandonbehalfoftheGermanFederalMinistryforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(BMZ),andtheSwissAgencyforDevelopmentandCooperation(SDC),arethecontributorstothetrustfund.TheviewsexpressedinthispaperdonotrepresenttheviewsoftheWorldBankorthesponsoringorganizations.AllqueriesshouldbeaddressedtoKNOMADworldbank.org.KNOMADworkingpapers,policybriefs,andahostofotherresourcesonmigrationareavailableatwww.KNOMAD.org.软worldBankgroupContentsAcknowledgmentsVOverviewvi1. TrendsinRemittanceFlows11.1 RemittanceFlowsContinuedtoGrowin2023,albeitataSlowerPacethanin2021-2211.2 ModerateGrowthofRemittancesin202351.3 RemittancesOutlookfor202491.4 RemittanceCosts112. TrendsinGlobalMigrationandRefugeeFlows132.1 GlobalMigration132.2 ImpactsOfTransitMigrationonTransitCountries153. SpecialFocus:LeveragingDiasporaFinancestoMobilizePrivateCapital173.1 NonresidentDeposits173.2 DiasporaBonds193.3 LeveragingRemittancestoImproveCountryCreditworthiness203.4 LeveragingRemittancestoAccessInternationalDebtMarkets22AppendixA.RegionalTrendsinMigrationandRemittanceFlows23