搅拌性能比较单轴和双轴搅拌机--中英文翻译.docx

附录:外文资料与中文翻译外文资料：ComparingmixingperformanceofuniaxialandbiaxialbinblendersAmitMehrotraandFernandoJ.MuzzioDepartmentofChemicalandBiochemicalEngineering,RutgersUniversity,Piscataway,NJ,08855,UnitedStatesReceived17February2009;revised30May2009;accepted14June2009.Availableonline27June2009.AbstractThedynamicsinvolvedinpowdermixingremainsatopicofinterestformanyresearchers;howeverthetheorystillremainsunderdeveloped.Mostofthemixersarestilldesignedandscaleduponempiricalbasis.Inmanyindustries,includingpharmaceutical,themajorityofblendingisperformedusingttumblingmixers,Tumblingmixersarehollowcontainerswhicharepartiallyloadedwithmaterialsandrotatedforsomenumberofrevolutions.Somecommonexamplesincludehorizontaldrummixers,v-blenders,doubleconeblendersandbinblenders.Inallthesemixerswhilehomogenizationinthedirectionofrotationisfast,mediatedbyaconvectivemixingprocess,mixinginthehorizontal(axial)direction,drivenbyadispersiveprocess,isoftenmuchslower.Inthispaper,weexperimentallyinvestigateanewtumblingmixerthatrotateswithrespecttotwoaxes:ahorizontalaxis(tumblingmotion),andacentralsymmetryaxis(spinningmotion).Adetailedstudyisconductedonmixingperformanceofpowdersandtheeffectofcriticalfundamentalparametersincludingblendergeometry,speed,filllevel,presenceofbaffles,loadingpattern,andaxisofrotation.InthisworkAcetaminophenisusedastheactivepharmaceuticalingredientandtheformulationcontainscommonlyusedexcipientssuchasAvicelandLactose.Themixingefficiencyischaracterizedbyextractingsamplesafterpre-determinednumberofrevolutions,andanalyzingthemusingNearInfraredSpectroscopytodeterminecompositionaldistribution.Resultsshowtheimportanceofprocessvariablesincludingtheaxisofrotationonhomogeneityofpowderblends.GraphicalabstractThedynamicsinvolvedinpowdermixingremainsatopicofinterestformanyresearchers;howeverthetheorystillremainsunderdeveloped.Mostofthemixersarestilldesignedandscaleduponempiricalbasis.Inmanyindustries,includingpharmaceutical,themajorityofblendingisperformedusing4tumblingmixers,Inallthesemixerswhilehomogenizationinthedirectionofrotationisfast,mediatedbyaconvectivemixingprocess,mixinginthehorizontal(axial)direction,drivenbyadispersiveprocess,isoftenmuchslower.Inthispaper,weexperimentallyinvestigateanewtumblingmixerthatrotateswithrespecttotwoaxes:ahorizontalaxis(tumblingmotion),andacentralsymmetryaxis(spinningmotion).KeywordsjPowdermixing;Cohesion;Blender;Mixer;Relativestandarddeviation;NIR;AcetaminophenArticleOutline1.Introduction2.Materialsandmethods2.1. Nearinfraredspectroscopy2.2. Binblendersusedinthisstudy:uni-axialblender(Blender1),bi-axialblender(Blender2)2.3. Experimentalmethod3.Results4.ConclusionReferences1. IntroductionParticleblendingisarequiredstepinavarietyofapplicationsspanningtheceramic,food,glass,metallurgical,polymers,andpharmaceuticalsindustries.Despitethelonghistoryofdrysolidsmixing(orperhapsbecauseofit),comparativelylittleisknownofthemechanismsinvolved1,and3.Acommontypeofbatchindustrialmixeristhetumblingblender,wheregrainsflowbyacombinationofgravityandvesselrotation.Althoughthetumblingblenderisaverycommondevice,mixingandsegregationmechanismsinthesedevicesarenotfullyunderstoodandthedesignofblendingequipmentislargelybasedonempiricalmethods.Tumblersarethemostcommonbatchmixersinindustry,andalsofinduseinmyriadofapplicationasdryers,kilns,coaters,millsandgranulators4,5,6,7and8.Whilefree-flowingmaterialsinrotatingdrumshavebeenextensivelystudied9and110,cohesivegranularflowsinthesesystemsarestillnotcompletelyunderstood.Littleisknownabouttheeffectoffundamentalparameterssuchasblendergeometry,speed,filllevel,presenceofbaffles,loadingpatternandaxisofrotationonmixingperformanceofcohesivepowdersorthescalingrequirementsofthedevices.However,conventionaltumblers,rotatingaroundahorizontalaxis,allshareanimportantcharacteristic:whilehomogenizationinthedirectionofrotationisfast,mediatedbyaconvectivemixingprocess,mixinginthehorizontal(axial)direction,drivenbyadispersiveprocess,isoftenmuchslower.Inthispaper,weexperimentallyinvestigateanewtumblingmixerthatrotateswithrespecttotwoaxes:ahorizontalaxis(tumblingmotion),andacentralsymmetryaxis(spinningmotion).Weexaminetheeffectsoffilllevel,mixingtime,loadingpatternandaxisofrotationonthemixingperformanceofafree-flowingmatrixofFastFlolactoseandAvicel102,containingamoderatelycohesiveAPI,micronizedAcetaminophen.WeuseextensivesamplingtocharacterizemixingbytrackingtheevolutionofAcetaminophenhomogeneityusingaNearInfraredspectroscopydetectionmethod.AftermaterialsandmethodsaredescribedinSection2,resultsarepresentedinSection3,followedbyconclusionsandrecommendations,whicharepresentedinSection4.2. MaterialsandmethodsThematerialsusedinthestudyarelistedinTable1,alongwiththeirsizeandmorphology.Acetaminophenisblendedwithcommonlyusedexcipientsandisusedasatracertoevaluatethedegreeofhomogeneityachievedasafunctionofnumberofrevolutions.Acetaminophenisoneofthedrugsmostwidelyusedinmixingstudies,andAvicelandLactosearecommonlyusedpha