一语法及基础知识 第一节 虚拟语气 过去 现在 将来.docx

一语法及基础知识第一节虚拟语气过去现在将来现在的为从句did原主句wouldshouldcouldmight+do过去的从句为为had+did主句wouldcouldshouldmight+havedone将来的为从句为WeretOdOdidwereshould+dodid主句为四大词+do三个时态的虚拟分别于三个时间的事实相反Wereshouldhad三个词可以提前放在一句话的第一位判断将来时时注意关键的时间词现在时为now将来时为tomorrowIfIhadtimeifqinghadgone现在例句ifmylivednow,hewouldgiveusmoreshows过去例句ifqinghadnotgonebacktoqingdynasty,shewouldnothavemethim下一个ifIhadbeenborn20yearsearlierrlwouldhavehadchancetomarryher将来例句两个而且三字词提前了IWeretOWin变成WereltOWinIShoUldWin变成ShouldIwinqingchuanhadnotgonetheeighthsonoftheemperorHave为实义动词时+n并且have不放在前面什么意思have为助动词时可以放在前面第二节介词短语仅代替从句without如果没有butfor要不是Withoutme,whatwouldyoudo?本来应该为youwoulddo但有What为疑问语气所以ButfortheearthquakeweshouldnothaveboughtthesaltcrazilyIfithadnotbeenfor其实就是WithoUtbutfor与if作用一样第三届错综时间条件句前后时间不一致Ifyouhadtakenmyadviseyouwouldbebetternow有明显的时间状语二表示愿望的虚拟为不可能实现的事HOPe可以实现的愿望wish不可以实现的愿望WiSh+that+主语+与现在过去将来事实相反例子Iwish(that)从句everydayweremybirthday现在的Iwished(that)lhadmetjaychouWouldcould+do与将来相反Iwish(that)theywouldbecomemyenemiesinthefuture三should+do的虚拟Should可以省略在一些动词之后一个坚持二个命令四个建议四个要求一个宁愿宁愿坚持建议命令要求一些动词之后+(that)+主+(ShOUId)+doPreferInsistSuggestadviseproposerecommendOrdercommandRequirerequestdemanddesire注意insist后面要求应是shoulddo如果后面是认为断言的意思后不虚拟Thedoctorinsistedthattheboywas(be)badlyhurtandinsistedthatheshouldbesent(send)tothehospitalatonce被动语态be+donesuggest建议(ShoUld)do暗示表明不虚拟Herpale苍白facesuggestedthatshewas(be)will同源词用法相同suggestedtioningundesirable后面都是ShOUId+do一个词衍生好多个词，要掌握那一个词就行2 一个句型之后itisimportant/strange/naturalapity(should)doItisimportantthathe(should)notcome(should)不能省略itis(highabout)timethat主+shoulddo该到做某事的时候了Itishightimethatweshouldstudyhard可以改成studied此句型中shoulddo可以由该动词的一般过去式StUdied代替shoulddodied四其他类型虚拟语气Iwouldratherlldol2doratherthando宁愿做而不愿意做13that+主语+didl与现在或将来相反21hadgone与过去相反Iwouldratherthathehadnotheardit.2主句+asifthough+主语+动词现在did/were过去hadgone将来w/c+doHespeaksIapanseverywellasifhewereajapanse3 ifnoly要是什么就好了Onlyif只要wishthoughasififonly四者虚拟形式相同Ifonlyyouhadlistenedtome4 句1,or/otherwise,句2Hurryup,otherwise,wewillbelate.Otherwise前面的和后面的如果都是真实情况就不虚拟Hewasverybusy,otherwise,hewouldhavehelpedyou前面真后面假虚拟两种用法IWoUld+v原型与现在或将来相反2would+havedone与过去相反过去好说一半或将来前面的was变后面的will跟着相应的变化不？5 主句+Iest免得/forfeer恐怕thatshould+do原型incase+that以防万一should+do此处ShOUId不可省略可省略的情况ShOUId在之后长词importantshould+do(原)不省略ShoUId情况itistime第二节倒装正装主+谓语倒谓语+主1含义动词放在主语之前动词分1实意动词2助动词1实意又分11及物动词能够直接加名词12不及物动词不能直接加名词助动词2助动词21情态动词Vcan/must+v原22amisarewasweredodoesdidhavahashad二1分类11完全倒装整个谓语动词放主语之前12部分倒装助动词位于主语前Ipassedtheypassedhepassed不好找就先变否定dodiddoes一完全倒装I地点方位时间副词介词位于句子首herethereinoutnowthenupdownawayThebuscomeshereherecomesthebuscome是放在thebus前面了只不过不是放在最前面而已注如果主语是人称代词则不倒装Iweyouhesheittheyhecomeshereherehecomes如果倒装按照完全倒装的法则应该是comes放于he之前而实际就是没有放在之前只是简单的把here提前而已2介词短语位于句子首部介词+名词ThebirdsingsinthetreeinthetreesingSthebird考人称代词主要靠herethere二部分倒装1否定意义词位于句子首部nonowhere在哪也没有neverlittle不可数few可数Seldom很少rarely很少的否定词7个绝不IhaveneverplayedsuchaninterestinggameNeverhadIplayed其实还是助动词had提前只不过前面加了一个修饰had的never罢了补充hardly/scarcelywhennoSoonerthan都是一什么什么就的意思注含义1一什么什么就2倒装前倒后不倒3时态一般后面用haddone一般过去时didhad+主+过去分词Thesnakehadhardlyfallendownwhenwewerefrightened过去完成时非had而是hardlyhardlyhadthesnakefallen还是把助动词提前然后该怎么办怎么办然后否定意义词是修饰助动词的放于句子首部2七个绝不放于句子首部InnocaseatnotimeonnoaccountonnoconditionbynomeansundernocircumstanceinnowayP13笔记本这七个都是绝不的意思Counter反WeshouldinnocaseforgetweareChinese这七个词相当于副词修饰动词InnocaseshouldweforgetweareChinese3Notonly+彳到装butalsoweshouldnotonlyhelpJurselvesbutalsohelpothersNotonlyshouldwe'''''''''4notuntil+句子n+部分倒装直到才HedidnotgohomeuntilmidnightNotuntilmidnightdidhegohomeIdidnotknowhowtocherishuntilIlostit珍惜Notuntil(Ilostit)didIknownotuntil部分倒装did+主+v原2表示也的倒装1肯定的也so+助+主IlikeEnglishhelikesEnglishtoo.sodoesheIfyoujump,1willjumptosowill/shallI补充关于SO的用法1theboyisverylovely,soheissoamI主语前后一致不倒装主语前后不一致就到装了2so+adjadvsuch+n放于句首，后面加部分倒装ChenissocharmingthatwealllikeitSocharmingischenthat'''''2否定的也neither/nor助+主IdonotlikeEnglishhedoesnotlikeit,eitherneitherdoeshe3OMy+状语+部分倒装1状语时间地点2修饰谓语动词3充当成分31副词32介词短语33状语从句Only后面加1then时间副词2inthisway介词短语3afteryouleft状语从句4as的倒装有时候用though代替公式名词/行/副/+as+主+谓语as尽管名词前面不加anatheStupidasIam,1knowwhattrueloveis5虚拟语气倒装werehadshould第二节动词的时态语态第一部分时态时态分时间和动作状态我昨天今天明天回家分别为IWenthorneyeSterdayIgohometoday.Iwillgohometomorrow.时态一般进行完成完成进行现在1过去10将来10过去将来0001代表学习这种时态0代表不学习这种时态那些空白的也是要学习的项目一般时态习惯性经常性动作1一般现在时构成beamisaredodoes时间状语todayeveryday/weekalwaysusuallyoftensometimesSheisalwaysfainted晕倒inclass补一般现在时其它用法1客观事实普遍真理Deathisapartoflife.2表示人的性格特征和能力Heplaysthepianoverywell3主将从现主句一般将来从句一般现在使用条件条件状语时间状语Ifwhenassoonas2一般过去时构成be动wasweredid时间状语yesterday什么agolastweekin1982Usedtodo过去常常做某事beusedtodo被用来做某事beusedtodoing习惯做某事ThewoodisusedtomakedesksTheoldmanusedtoliveinthecountry.Butnowheisusedtolivinginthecountry3一般将来时构